1. Southern Europe
Chapter 16

2. Iberian Peninsula ●Analyze how past events have affected Spain.
●Compare and contrast Portugal and Spain.

3. What countries are located on the Iberian Peninsula?
Spain and Portugal

4. What did the Moors bring to Iberia in the 700’s?
Islamic religion
New irrigation techniques
Crafts
New crops
Universities
Trade

5. List historical facts about Spain
700’s  Moors invade and start to rule
1492  Moors are driven out by the Christians
1500’s  Spain has many over seas territories, due to a strong navy
1800’s  lost most of its territories, due to wars
1939  terrible civil war, democracy vs. dictatorship, Francisco Franco wins.
1975  Franco dies, return to democracy, 17 regions with different levels of autonomy while still having a central government

6. What are the 3 different dialects of Spanish?
Castilian (75%), Basque, Catalan

7. What activities play a major role in the Spanish economy?
Manufacturing
Textiles, clothing, footwear, ships, cars, etc
Tourism
Costa del Sol, Pyrenees, Balearic Is.
Agriculture
Olive oil, wine, oranges, corn, potatoes, tomatoes

8. Italian Peninsula
●Analyze how Italy’s history has affected its culture.
●Describe what Italy is like today.

9. List important facts about Rome.
1st city to hold 1 million people
Center of the Roman Empire
Headquarters for the Roman Catholic Church
Vatican City located inside

10. Give details about Italy
Northern part became rich from trade
Even though the Alps separate it from the rest of Europe, it was the center of the Renaissance
Italy was not a united country until 1861
Member of the European Union and NATO

11. What is the most famous part of Italian culture?
Food
Large meals eaten in the middle of the day

12. Why is Rome important to Italy?
Political & Cultural Center
Capital city
Largest city
Money from Tourism
Historical city

13. Briefly describe Italy’s government.
50 different governments since World War II, some lasting only months
Many political parties represented in parliament
Have had coalitions
Currently functioning with Democratic government

14. Contrast North & South Italy
Large industrial cities of Milan, Genoa, and Turin
Po Valley  Breadbasket of Italy
Richer Region
Poorer Region
High unemployment
Not very modern economy
Soil erosion
Deforestation

15. What population issues does Italy have?
Low Birth Rate
Aging Population  not many young people
Not enough young workers to replace retiring workers
Most of the population growth is from immigration

16. Roman History

17. Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
●Analyze how Greece developed into a modern country
.●Explain why the western Balkans are politically unstable.
●Describe the changes that are occurring in the eastern Balkans.

18. Trace the history of government in Greece.
City-States
Roman & Ottoman Turks controlled parts of Greece
1829 Greece becomes and independent country
Many elected governments followed a Civil War, but military leaders took over in 1967
1974 return to democratic government

19. List 3 facts about Greek culture
Cooking influenced by cultures that at one time ruled Greece
Economy changed from agriculture to industry
More women’s rights

20. What challenges does Greece have today?
Still a poor country, even though it is a member of the European Union
Immigrants from Albania taking jobs
Urbanizing quickly, which has led to many urban problems (smog, traffic, & pollution)

21. Which countries make up the Western Balkans?
Albania
Bosnia (Herzegovina)
Croatia
Macedonia
Slovenia
Serbia
Montenegro
* Serbia & Montenegro used to be combined to make Yugoslavia

22. Discuss the governments of the Western Balkans
Controlled by the Ottoman Turks
World War I most of the countries won independence from the Ottoman Empire
Yugoslavia formed to unite Slavic people, after World War I, Albania has remained independent since 1912
World War II USSR occupied Balkans except for Greece, with was ruled by a dictator named Tito
Yugoslavia starts to split up
1991 Slovenia & Croatia declare independence
1992 Bosnia declares independence, Albania changes to democratic government

23. Match ethnic groups and religions
Serbs
Croatians
Albanians
Macedonians
Orthodox Christians
Roman Catholic
Muslim

24. What countries make up the Eastern Balkans?
Bulgaria/Romania/ Moldova

25. Trace the Eastern Balkans road to independence.
Historically controlled by the Romans, Byzantines, and Ottoman Turks
Gained independence from the Ottomans after their empire collapsed at the end of World War I
During and after World War II, their were controlled by the USSR
Gained independence after the the fall of communism in 1990.

26. What challenges are the Eastern Balkans facing?
Changing form economy based on agriculture to industry
Raising the standard of living: health care, drinkable water, education, income, etc.
They currently have a lack of adequate housing for the people residing there.
Decrease in population due in part to many push factors.