1. Safeguarding Level 1
Adults
For all non-clinical staff.
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2. Safeguarding Adults Law is part of the
What is safeguarding?
Safeguarding Adults Law is part of the
Care Act 2014
The Care Act 2014 applies to those people over 18 years old: who have needs for care and support (whether or not the local authority is meeting any of those needs) and; are experiencing, or at risk of, abuse or neglect; and as a result of those care and support needs are unable to protect themselves from either the risk of, or the experience of abuse or neglect.’’.
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3. Who Abuses Adults?
Anyone
Who has POWER, over others, this can be by being a Social or Health Care Professional, a paid carer or an unpaid carer, a family member of friend.
Think
What have you seen in practice that has made you think Abuse may have taken place?
Often it can be a feeling that things are not right, that service users are not getting treatment provided in a way we would accept, or that they are being exploited by others.
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4. Physical Abuse There are 10 types of adult abuse
Includes hitting, punching, slapping, kicking, drowning,
shaking, biting restraint, medication, lap belts, locked doors
Possible Observed
Signs and Symptoms
Rough or inappropriate handling
Hitting, Kicking, punching
Force – feeding
Misuse of medication
Inappropriate use of restraint
Inappropriate treatment regimes or sanctions, e.g. making someone sit in a corner
Unexplained injuries, e.g. dislocations, fractures
Unexplained bruising or abrasions
Cowering and flinching
Burns and scalds
Possible observed practices
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5. Sexual Abuse
Includes; rape, touching, innuendo, viewing sexual activity, or explicit materials, grooming to commit sexual acts
Sexual acts the person hasn’t consented to, was pressurised into consenting to
Touching inappropriately
Penetration
Indecent exposure
Taking photographs
Using inappropriate language
Possible Observed Signs and Symptoms
Incontinence/bed wetting
Difficulty walking
Repeated urinary tract infections
Bruising, bleeding or unexplained soreness around genital area
Unexplained “love bites”
Sexually Transmitted Infection or pregnancy
Self neglect or risk taking behaviour
Possible observed practices
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6. Psychological Abuse
Include; threats of harm or abandonment, isolation, humiliation, blaming, controlling or hostile behaviour
Possible Observed
Signs and Symptoms
Shouting, swearing, name calling
Bullying
Insulting, humiliating, ridiculing
Intimidating
Controlling behaviour
Control of access (family, friends, phone, post, pull cord, visitors)
Disturbed Sleep or tendency to withdraw to room
Loss of appetite / loss of weight
Changes in behaviour
Self abuse i.e. self harm, head banging, hand biting
General resignation
Extreme submissiveness
Possible observed practices
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7. Neglect or Acts of Omission
Possible Observed
Signs and Symptoms
Withholding of ‘necessaries’, e.g. nutrition, medication, healthcare, education, social stimulation
Withholding assistance to use toilet, keep clean, warm and comfortable
Failure to give access to appropriate services e.g. school, health, police or other
Failure to safeguard and protect from harm or abuse
Untreated physical illnesses
Inconsistent or reluctant contact with health or social care agencies
Lack of safety equipment / being used following recommendation
Clear failure to ensure the taking of medication appropriately
Dehydration/ weight loss / malnutrition
Possible observed practices
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8. This is a criminal offence
Financial or Material Abuse
This is a criminal offence
Includes :theft and fraud
Possible Observed,
Signs and Symptoms
Exploitation of dependence for personal gain
Prevention of necessary care options
Misuse of funds, including lack of ‘best interest’ decisions
Pressure or misappropriation of property, wills, bank accounts, benefits or assets
Unexplained or sudden inability to pay bills
Unexplained or sudden withdrawal of money
Personal possessions of value go missing from home without explanation
Someone has taken responsibility for paying bills, rent, buying food etc. but is clearly not doing so
Possible observed practices . . .
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9. Discriminatory Abuse
Oppressive attitudes towards a person motivated by race, gender disability, religion, culture, or sexual orientation.
Possible Observed,
Signs and Symptoms
Direct or indirect discrimination based on race, gender, culture, disability, sexuality, religion, belief or values
Harassment
Incitements of others to commit abusive acts or make abusive comments
Name calling
Stereotyping
Omitting services or activities based on preconceived ideas about someone’s age or condition
Ignoring dietary requirements
Possible observed practices . . .
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10. that is not addressed by the institution is abuse
Organisational Abuse
Includes Poor care standards, lack of positive responses to complex care needs, rigid routines, inadequate staffing or insufficient knowledge base within the service.
Bad practice,
that is not addressed by the institution is abuse
Possible Observed,
Signs and Symptoms
The routine/ practice or management that is not responsive to or respectful to the individuals served
Often described as “thoughtless” practice or “we always do it this way” or “this is how we do it here”
Poor care planning
Inflexible routines
Little opportunity for outside activities
Lack of privacy
Poor staff morale, high turnover, high sickness rate
Few visitors and/or staff insistent on notification before visits
Possible observed practices . . .
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11. Domestic Violence
Incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse by someone who is or has been an intimate partner or family member regardless of gender or sexuality
people being prevented from seeing family/friends,
prevented from attending college/work/appointments,
being followed or continuingly being asked where they are,
accusations regarding other relationships unjustly,
feeling scared of others,
being threatened personally or threats against other family/friends,
prevented from leaving the home, withholding finances,
being forced to do something unwanted for their partner
Possible Observed,
Signs and Symptoms
including psychological, physical, sexual, financial, emotional abuse;
so called ‘honour’ based violence
Female Genital Mutilation;
Forced marriage
Possible observed practices . . .
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12. Modern Slavery
Encompasses slavery, human trafficking, forced labour and domestic servitude. Trafficking does not need to be through international borders, it is any movement of a person for exploitive gain
Poor physical appearance,
isolation, poor living conditions,
few or no personal effects,
restricted freedom of movement,
unusual travel habits,
reluctance to seek help
Possible Observed,
Signs and Symptoms
Traffickers and slave masters use whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment
Possible observed practices . . .
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13. Self Neglect
This covers a wide range of behaviour neglecting to care for one’s personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. Self-neglect may or may not be a safeguarding issue, however agencies must assess concerns raised under their statutory duties; having consideration for an individual’s right to choose their lifestyle, balanced with their mental health or capacity to understand the consequences of their actions.
Dehydration, malnutrition, untreated or improperly attended medical conditions, and poor personal hygiene; hazardous or unsafe living conditions/arrangements (e.g., improper wiring, no indoor plumbing, no heat, no running water); unsanitary or unclean living quarters (e.g., animal/insect infestation, no functioning toilet, faecal/urine smell), lack of the necessary medical aids (e.g., glasses, hearing aids, dentures, walking aids); grossly inadequate housing or homelessness.
Possible Observed,
Signs and Symptoms
Self-neglect generally manifests itself as a refusal or failure to provide himself/herself with
adequate food,
water,
clothing,
shelter,
personal hygiene,
medication (when indicated),
safety precautions
Possible observed practices . . .
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14. Physical and Financial Abuse
Question
A patient / service user tells you they are fed up of their grandchildren hitting them and demanding money. What type of abuse is this?
Financial Abuse
Physical Abuse
Emotional Abuse
Physical and Financial Abuse
Continue
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15. Staff have a duty to seek advice and report any concerns .
Some safeguarding issues apply to both children or adults as detailed below.
Staff have a duty to seek advice and report any concerns .
Additional Safeguarding Concerns
Honour Based Violence This is a violation of a persons Human Rights . It is a collection of violent and abusive practices, which are used to control behaviour within families or other social groups to protect perceived cultural and religious beliefs and/or honour
Forced Marriage
This is a marriage in which one or both spouses do not or (in the case of some adults with learning or physical disabilities) cannot consent to the marriage and duress is involved.
Female Genital Mutilation
Removal of part or all of the female genitalia for non – therapeutic reasons
If you suspect it report it !
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16. Prevent and Safeguarding
Violent Extremism PREVENT strategy
Vulnerable adults and young people including those with mental health issues or learning disabilities may be susceptible to exploitation into violent extremism by radicalisers. Violent extremists often use persuasive rationale and charismatic individuals to attract people to their cause.
PREVENT concerns can be reported under safeguarding as exploitation can be seen as abusive So if in doubt report under Safeguarding
The Trust Safeguarding Team should be contacted if staff are concerned that a service user may be exploited into extremism.
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17. It is your responsibility to report any abuse wherever it is seen, suspected or reported and to take the necessary immediate actions to ensure the protection of any child or vulnerable person at risk.
Your Responsibility
Remember to discuss with your line manager or safeguarding team. You may be asked to complete a DATIX form.
Record clearly what happened and provide information on why this is a situation of potential abuse
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18. Considerations
If you are concerned about a persons welfare, always consider others who may also be at risk and ask yourself
Are there children in the household?
Are there any other vulnerable adults in the home?
Is there a history of domestic violence?
Is there a history of MH/Substance misuse/etc.
Is the person at risk to others in the household?
Are any other SEPT services involved?
Are any other services involved?
Has a referral been made to other services if risks are identified?
THINK FAMILY
These need considering and recording on the DATIX/Alert form, and in records as appropriate.
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19. Finally – Remember……………
You must tell – YOU HAVE A DUTY TO
Ignoring abuse is not an option
ZERO TOLERANCE OF ABUSE
We all have a responsibility to challenge abusive practice (Whistle blowing policies)
You must record accurately
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20. Remember, if you want to find more information / evidence about this subject or anything else which is relevant to your work or study, join your local healthcare library.
For staff in Essex contact Basildon Healthcare Library.
EX3594 
It may be that you work in a different area,
for example Luton.
Details of all the Health Libraries in the East of England can be found at this site…
You are welcome to join any of these.
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21. Review of Objective(s)
Before taking the end of course test, please ensure you have acquired the relevant knowledge against the modules objective(s) below:
“At the end of this training, you should be able to identify:
What abuse is and how different types of abuse might be identified
Where abuse may take place
Who abuses?
Why abuse might occur and to whom
What to do if you witness abuse”
If not, please take this opportunity to revisit any of the content within the three presentations.
Continue
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22. You now need to take the test!
Remember to click the ‘home’ icon when you have finished the test to save your results!
Example Course
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