1. Chapter 32
Mammals

2. Question of the day What is the largest mammal living in the world?
Blue Whale
What was the largest mammal ever on earth Sea & Land?
Baleen Whale (110’ long)
Ancestor to rhinoceros (23’ tall)

3. Ch. 32 Essential Questions
What special adaptations did mammals evolve?
What kinds of mammals are there?
What are the main evolution steps to modern humans?

4. 32-1 Mammal Characteristics
What sets mammals apart from other species?
Mammary Glands, or the ability to produce nourishment for young
Other Distinctive features
Breathe air
Hair
4 Chambered Heart
Endothermic
Maintain Homeostasis
Nourish Young

5. Early Mammals When did the 1st mammals arrive?
million yrs ago in Permian period
Descendants of reptiles
1st true mammals million years ago
Also Triassic period
Dinosaurs started & ended Cretaceous period
Cenozoic means rise of mammals
Humans came along 10 mill yrs

6. Form & Function of Mammals
What do all mammals do?
Regulate internal temp:
Homeostasis
Subcutaneous fat
Endothermic

7. Feeding Mammals have high metabolism:
Must eat 10 times food as reptiles
Can eat many things (Herbivores, omnivores & carnivores)
Evolved best ways to eat over time:
Hunters
Plant eaters
Strainers

8. Other Processes Respiration Breathing in O2 + out CO2 Circulation
Move blood, nutrients around
Excretion
Getting rid of wastes
Response
Involuntary reactions to stimuli
Movement
Adaptations to get around
Reproduction
Internal Fertilization

9. 31-2 Diversity of Mammals Three different types of mammals
Separated by birth methods
Monotremes
- Egg Layers
Marsupials
- Live Birth, grow in external pouch
Placental Mammals

10. Other Cool Ones Sirenians Chiropterans Lagomorphs Xenathrans
Proboscideans

11. Primates & Human Origin
What is a primate?
How is it different?
Binocular Vision
Rotating Joints in arms & legs
Fingers (opposable thumb) & toes
Well-developed cerebrum

12. Primate Evolution 3 Main Types of Primates - what are they called?
Anthropoids
Monkeys
Apes
Humans
Whats the difference?
Humans walk upright, monkeys & apes on all fours

13. Apes vs. Monkeys What are some examples of Monkeys & Apes?
Apes (Hominids)
Orangutang, Gorilla, Baboon
Monkeys (Prosimians)
Spider, Lemur
How do they differ?
Size - Big vs. Small
Habitat - Ground vs. Tree
Limbs - 2 feet, 2 hands vs. 5 arms (tail)
What is monkey’s tail called?
Prehensile

14. Time Frame for Evolution
Hominids - 6 million yrs old
Gave rise to
Homo Habilis 2.5 million yrs ago
Meaning Handy Man (tools)
Used tools, walked more on 2 feet

15. The next step 2 million years ago Homo Ergaster or “workman”
Closely related to Homo Erectus or upright man
These species migrated from Africa to Asia & N.America

16. Finally Modern Day Final Predecessors to Humans: 500,000 yrs ago
Neanderthals - Europe & Asia
Used Stone Tools & lived in social groups, 1st sounds
150,000 yrs ago
Cro-Magnons - Europe
More sophisticated tools (weapons), appearance of words
40,000 yrs ago modern Homo Sapiens

17. Summary Main Ideas: Man Evolved as a species from apes Each time -
Got Bigger,
Less Hairy,
Smarter,
More Social,
Explored further around the globe