1. History Of The World
Unit Four
New Worlds

2. I) The Aztecs & Inca Empires A) Aztecs
Mesoamerica / Middle America / Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula)
1) Tenochtitlan
Aztec capital (now called Mexico City)
2) Emperor ruled absolutely—demanded tribute
taxes
3) Polytheistic religion that practiced human sacrifice
B) Incas
Peru
II) Renaissance
A) Revival of learning & culture
started in Italy
1) Johannes Guttenberg's moveable type printing press led to cheaper books

3. 1) growth of the Middle Class 2) guilds
B) Universities
studied The Bible at first
C) New Businesses
1) growth of the Middle Class
2) guilds
a) apprentices>>>journeyman>>>master
trade unions
D) Black Death (Bubonic Plague)
1) 1/3 dead in Europe
III) The Reformation
A) Martin Luther
1) didn’t agree with Catholic “indulgences”
people could be forgiven for sins by paying the Church
2) Protestantism
B) English Reformation
1) Henry VIII
a) Church of England (Anglican)
wanted to divorce his 1st of 6 wives in order to get a son
2) Edward VI
a) Lady Jane Grey
queen for only 9 days
3) Mary I
“Bloody Mary”
4) Elizabeth I
“Virgin Queen”

4. V) Age of Exploration (1450-1700) A) Reasons for Exploration
1) wealth & power
2) religious aims
3) Renaissance Spirit
4) technological improvements
a) maps
b) compass
c) ships (corvettes, caravels)
search for gold
spread Christianity
B) Explorers
1) Marco Polo (Cathay)
wrote about his journey to Cathay (China)
2) Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal
sponsored explorations (got the Age of Exploration going)
3) Dias (Cape of Good Hope)
1st to round the tip of Africa

5. 4) Christopher Columbus a) Reconquista (Spain) b) Isabella & Ferdinand
c) Granada (1492)
d) Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
Columbus wanted to find an easier route to Cathay by sailing westward. He had to wait until Isabella and Ferdinand—the queen and king of Spain—finished reconquering their homeland from the Moors. After the last Muslim stronghold of Granada fell in 1492, Columbus was free to set sail with three ships—the Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria—and he landed in the New World on October 12, 1492.
Columbus called the first people he met in the New World “Indians” because he thought he was in the Indies.
5) Amerigo Vespucci
the man for which America is named
6) Balboa (Pacific Ocean)
discovered the
7) Magellan (Cape Horn)
a) circumnavigate
1st to round the tip of South America
1st to sail around the world
8) Cortez (Aztecs)
a) Montezuma
defeated the
the Aztec king defeated by Cortez
9) Pizarro (Incas)
defeated the

6. VII) Slavery In America A) West Africa 1) Ghana, Mali, & Songhai
VI) Terms To Know
A) monopoly
total control over a good or service
B) bullion
gold and silver coins
C) Line of Demarcation
West: Spain
East: Portugal
Brazil: the only non Spanish-speaking country in South America
D) Conquistadors
Spanish conquerors
VII) Slavery In America
A) West Africa
1) Ghana, Mali, & Songhai
B) Triangular Trade
1) Middle Passage
the journey from Africa to the Americas for the slaves
Europe
(Rum)
The
Americas
Africa
(Slaves)
(Molasses)

7. C) So-Called “Reasons” For Using Blacks As Slaves In The Americas
1) Indian slavery was prohibited
2) Blacks were used to working hot climates
3) Blacks weren’t Christians
4) Some Blacks were slaves in Africa anyway
VIII) Commercial Revolution ( )
A) Mercantilism
B) Balance of Trade
C) Capitalism/Free-Enterprise System/Market Economy
1) inflation /deflation
2) Law of Supply & Demand
starting a colony to make money for the homeland
when imports and exports are equal
make money and own property
when prices go up
when prices go down
the more rare something is, the more it will be worth