1. To the heart of the APS puzzle
by Marc F. Hoylaerts
Blood
Volume 116(16):
October 21, 2010
©2010 by American Society of Hematology

2. Simplified schematic representation of the TLR4 signaling pathway.
Simplified schematic representation of the TLR4 signaling pathway. Upon interaction with LPS via CD14 and MD2 (myeloid differentiation protein-2), TLR4 recruits the adaptor protein MyD88 and activates IRAK1 and IRAK4 via MyD88-controlled pathways. In combination with TRAF6 (TNFα receptor–associated factor-6), IRAKs activate TAK1 (TGFβ–activated kinase 1). This leads, via phosphorylation of IKKs (IκB kinases), to NF-κB activation and transcription of inflammatory cytokines. Professional illustration by Paulette Dennis.
Marc F. Hoylaerts Blood 2010;116:
©2010 by American Society of Hematology