1. Pain after posterolateral versus nerve-sparing thoracotomy: A randomized trial 
Sabita Jiwnani, MCh, MRCS, Priya Ranganathan, MD, Vijaya Patil, MD, Vandana Agarwal, MD, FRCA, George Karimundackal, MCh, MRCS, C.S. Pramesh, MS, FRCS 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 157, Issue 1, Pages (January 2019)
DOI: /j.jtcvs
Copyright © 2018 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1 Standard posterolateral thoracotomy with rib retractor.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2018 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Intercostal muscle flap deflected downward from the edge of the upper rib.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2018 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Dissected intercostal muscle flap with the neurovascular pedicle.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2018 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4 Pericostal sutures for closure of thoracotomy wound.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2018 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials diagram showing participant flow in the trial. PoT, Posterolateral; NeST, nerve sparing; PCA, patient-controlled analgesia; Post-op, postoperative.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2018 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

7. Figure 6
Box and whiskers plot of mean maximum pain levels on days 1, 2, 3, and 10 to 14. NeST, Nerve sparing; PoT, posterolateral; POD, postoperative day.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2018 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

8. Figure 7
Box and whiskers plot of mean average pain levels on days 1, 2, 3, and 10 to 14. NeST, Nerve sparing; PoT, posterolateral; POD, postoperative day.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2018 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

9. Protecting the neurovascular pedicle by dissecting the intercostal muscle flap.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2018 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

10. Video 1
Operative video demonstrating the nerve-sparing thoracotomy technique. Video available at:
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2018 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions