1. Theories of sleep Restoration (Oswald; Horne)
The function of sleep is to allow body to be repaired and restored
Oswald (1980) – REM for brain; SWS for body
Horne (1988) – core sleep (REM & SWS) vs. optional sleep – sleep deprivation leads to recovery
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2. Restoration theory Main predictions:
Deficits in functioning during sleep deprivation
Rebound following deprivation
Increase in REM during brain growth, reorganisation & repair
Increase in SWS during illness, recovery from injury
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3. CORE SLEEP Concentrated in stage 4 slow wave sleep (SWS) and in REM
SWS – lighter sleep – Oswald believes SWS restores body to full waking capacity. Horne does not believe this – he believes this occurs during periods of relaxed wakefulness.

4. Effects of sleep deprivation
Animal studies tend to support restoration
Prolonged sleep deprivation causes immune failure & death
Studies of humans produce less clear-cut results
Confounding effects of stress etc.
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5. Rebound Generally, people catch up on sleep following deprivation
Not all lost sleep is reclaimed
About 70% of lost SWS and about 50% of lost REM typically recovered
Only some sleep is necessary
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6. Illness & injury
Sleep does increase during illness and recovery from injury
Total sleep time increases during illness
REM increases during recovery from brain injury, ECT & drug withdrawal
SWS deprivation can cause physical symptoms
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7. Evaluation Much evidence is consistent with the restoration view
Main problem comes from apparent lack of serious biological malfunction during sleep deprivation in humans.
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