1. Academic Writing Tips for Persuasive title © Howard R. Spendelow
Georgetown University
draft as of 24 Feb 2016
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2. The way for a person to develop a style is (a) to know exactly what he wants to say, and (b) to be sure he is saying exactly that.
The reader, we must remember, does not start by knowing what we mean. If our words are ambiguous, our meaning will escape him.
I sometimes think that writing is like driving sheep down a road. If there is any gate open to the left or the right the reader will most certainly go into it.
C.S. Lewis, 07 May 1963

3. Ruth Bader Ginsburg, on Antonin Scalia, 14 Feb 2016
“…so clearly stated that his words never slipped from the reader’s grasp.
Ruth Bader Ginsburg, on Antonin Scalia, 14 Feb 2016

4. Always try to use the language so as to make quite clear what you mean and make sure your sentence couldn’t mean anything else.
Always prefer the plain direct word to the long, vague one. Don’t implement promises, but keep them.
Never use abstract nouns when concrete ones will do. If you mean “More people died” don’t say “Mortality rose.”
In writing, don’t use adjectives which merely tell us how you want us to feel about the things you are describing. I mean, instead of telling us the thing is “terrible,” describe it so that we’ll be terrified. Don’t say it was “delightful”; make us say “delightful” when we’ve read the description. You see, all those words (horrifying, wonderful, hideous, exquisite) are only like saying to your readers “Please, will you do my job for me.”
Don’t use words too big for the subject. Don’t say “infinitely” when you mean “very”; otherwise you’ll have no word left when you want to talk about something really infinite.
—C.S. Lewis, 26 June 1956

5. standard sentence diagramming

6. Kafka, grammatically analyzed/represented
Kafka, grammatically analyzed/represented

7. “I know that John McCain will do that and I, as his vice president, families we are blessed with that vote of the American people and are elected to serve and are sworn in on January 20, that will be our top priority is to defend the American people.”
Interview with Sarah Palin; Charles Gibson (ABC news anchor), 13 Sep 2008;
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8. BiblioHIST123Spring2016
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9. 1) avoid hairpin/whiplash 2) specify timeframe
ProspectusHIST123Spring2016
1) avoid hairpin/whiplash 2) specify timeframe

10. so clearly stated that his words never slipped from the reader’s grasp.

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16. 劇終 (the end)