1. Fiction and Nonfiction
Monday, August 28, 2017
Have out: Pencil/Pen, Notebook

2. ELA NEWS AND NOTES
Take out your Frederick Douglass passage from yesterday for discussion
Then, we’re going to take some notes about the differences between fiction and nonfiction
WE WILL HAVE OUR 2nd ROUND OF TESTING ON WEDNESDAY

3. Collecting Forms, Planners
This is a reminder that if you have any of the forms that were ed home last week, they’re due to me.
Descriptions are right here 
Additionally, here is your agenda planner that is yours to use throughout the year!

4. Elements of Fiction and Nonfiction
Fiction: Stories of imaginary people or animals, called characters.
Characters: Involved in conflicts or struggles with an opposing force.
Plot: The sequence of imagined events in the story.
Nonfiction: Gives facts about real people, places, or events or discussed ideas about the real world.
May try to inform or convince.
Based on facts.
Literary Nonfiction: Uses storytelling techniques like fiction to make factual writing come alive.

5. Fiction vs. Nonfiction Similarities Differences Both tell a story.
Fiction is imaginary; nonfiction is about real things.
Both may be told from a clear point of view (POV).
Nonfiction that does not tell a story may explain a process.
Both may use literary devices and effects:
Imagery: Word pictures
Mood: A general feeling conveyed by words
Suspense: A reader’s anxious curiosity about what might happen next.
Fiction is structured around imaginary conflict (a struggle between opposing forces) that triggers events (called the plot).

6. Forms of Fiction
Short Stories: Brief works of fiction with usually 1-2 main characters, a plot triggered by a central conflict and a main theme (insight about life).
Novels: Longer works with several characters and multiple conflicts and themes.
Often arranged with one main plot and several subplots or series of events that are distinct but related to the main plot.
Novellas: Shorter than novels but longer and more complex than short stories.

7. Forms of Nonfiction
Literary Nonfiction: Facts about a topic using elements of literature.
Autobiographies: Works where the write talks about his or her own life.
Inspirational Speeches: Writing where writer shares experiences and insights.
Functional Texts: Practical information that are often formatted (set up on the page) to make it easy to find information.
Directions: How to perform a process or find a location.
Ex: How to build a birdhouse!

8. Determining Themes in Fiction
Theme: messages or insights about life.
More often than not, authors do not state the theme.
Instead, it is usually implied, or must be figured out by the reader over the course of the story.
To figure out theme: look at story pattern and figure out what is repeated throughout.

9. Let’s figure out some themes!
Look at the example on page 6 where it says, “Do Clothes Make the Man?”
What’s the theme?
Now, let’s go back to what we saw with “The 11:59” (page 11)
What do you think is the theme?
What evidence did you use to come up with this?

10. NOW YOU TRY!!
Read the example from A Wrinkle in Time on page 9 of the textbook.
As we read, let’s practice looking at the elements and discuss the techniques L’Engle uses to engage us in the text.
When you’re finished, write a two sentence explanation about the theme in your notes.

11. Clues to Theme
Elements you can analyze to figure out the theme!

12. Title The name of a work. When reading, ask yourself:
What event, character, object or idea does the title refer to?
Does the title suggest ay general ideas or feelings?
How are these ideas or feelings related to story details?

13. Plot and Conflict Plot: the sequence of events in the story.
Conflict: the main character’s struggle against an opposing force.
When reading, ask:
What is the conflict?
How does it turn out?
What lesson does the outcome suggest?

14. Setting The place and time of story events. As you read, ask:
When and where do the events take place?
What mood, or feeling, does the setting create?
What is life like in the setting?

15. Characters The people or animals in a story. When reading, ask:
What are each character’s traits? Are there any strong contrasts between characters?
Does the main character change during the story? What might changes like this suggest?

16. Statements
Characters or the narrator (the voice of the story) may make statements commenting on events.
As you read, ask:
What insights to these statements suggest?
Are there strong contrasts or similarities between statements? What ideas do these contrasts or similarities reinforce?

17. Symbols
A person, object, event, image or place that stands for a larger idea.
EX: An eagle stands for pride or freedom.
Consider:
Are any people, objects or events strongly associated with an idea?
How does the idea represented by each symbol relate to other story elements?

18. Determining Central Ideas in Nonfiction
Develops one or more central ideas (a key point the author wants to make).
Usually stated by author, but is sometimes implied.
Each paragraph develops its own central or main idea.
Topic sentence: Beginning sentence of a paragraph that is supported by examples, reasons and details in the text.

19. Determining Central Ideas in Nonfiction
Author’s Purpose: A main reason for writing something.
General purposes include:
To inform an audience about a topic
To persuade (or convince) an audience to take action
To entertain

20. EXAMPLE TIME!!
Let’s read the example from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass on page 18 of the textbook.
As we read, let’s practice looking at the elements and discuss the techniques L’Engle uses to engage us in the text.
If you find extras, bring them into the discussion!

21. Supporting Details
What does Nonfiction do to help you figure out the Central Idea?

22. Statements of Fact and Statistics
Statements of Fact: statements that can be proven true.
EX: Milkweed is the major food source for Monarch butterflies.
Statistics are facts or data of a numerical kind that have been collected and analyzed.
EX: 64% of the students polled said that they did not know how to cook.

23. Expert Testimony and Examples
Expert Testimony: Explanation coming from recognized authority.
EX: Professor Gordon, a crime scene investigator, said the blood stains were staged.
Examples illustrate a general concept or point by giving a specific instance.
EX: There are many non-meat sources of protein, such as nuts, beans, and legumes.

24. Firsthand Accounts and Personal Experiences
Firsthand accounts are stories from eyewitnesses.
EX: The security guard said no one entered the building after 6:00.
Personal experiences are reports of the author’s own experiences, used to illustrate a point.
EX: I had run marathons before, so I knew what to expect.

25. Anecdotes and Analogies
Anecdotes: Stories that make a point.
EX: To show the importance of following directions, my dad told me the story of the time he tried to make a cake without a recipe and failed.
Analogies: Comparisons that clarify a point.
EX: Life is like a box of chocolates: you never know what you’re gonna get.

26. Raymond’s Run
As we’re reading today, I want you to create a chart like the one to the right with evidence as you read the story.
Your goal is to try to figure out the story’s theme.
Squeaky as a character: What does she say or do that let’s us know who she is really?
Evidence
What it means
Squeaky is the “fastest thing on two feet.”
She defines herself by her talent for running.
Squeaky doesn’t hide that she trains to be great at her craft.
Running is how Squeaky chooses to identify herself.

27. Raymond’s Run What are the major events of the plot?
Squeaky #1
Confrontation
Moment before race
Unclear result
Final outcome
How did the story end? How did you think it was going to end? Why?

28. Raymond’s Run We just finished the story.
Now, I want you to write a paragraph describing why you believe Toni Cade Bambara chose to end the story the way that she did.
You can include:
How the story ended, including the lack of clarity around who won.
Why Squeaky seems to not care about the final result of the race and what this tells us about her as a character.
How Squeaky stops disliking Gretchen, and instead, seems to have a moment of mutual respect.
How Squeaky feels about Raymond at the end of the story and why this has changed (and perhaps changed her).