1. The European Exploration and
Conquest
of the Americas

2. Earlier Explorations Islam & the Spice Trade  Malacca
A New Player  Europe
Nicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271
Expansion becomes a state enterprise  monarchs had the authority & the resources.
Better seaworthy ships.
Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the Ming “Treasure Fleet”

3. Admiral Zheng He
Flag ship was 400’ long and 160’ wide!

4. Motives for European Exploration
Crusades  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia.
Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples.
Reformation  refugees & missionaries.
Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue.
Technological advances.
Fame and fortune.

5. Better known as The 3 “G”s
GOLD-money was the great motivation
GOD-later missionaries to convert the natives
GLORY-personal fame and hopefully fortune

6. New Maritime Technologies
Better Maps
Hartman Astrolabe (1532)
Mariner’s Compass
Sextant

7. New Weapons Technology

8. The Caravel

9. Portugal began the era of exploration, led by Henry the Navigator
Portugal began the era of exploration, led by Henry the Navigator. (he never went anywhere, just paid for the voyages)

10. Led by first Dias then DaGama Portugal explored the coast of Africa
Led by first Dias then DaGama Portugal explored the coast of Africa. Why? DaGama was first European to round Cape Of Good Hope and travel to India by sea

11. Christopher Columbus [1451-1506]

12. Columbus’ Four Voyages

13. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1495 The Pope’s Line of Demarcation

14. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c

15. European Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

16. The Requirement
I implore you to recognize the Church as a lady and in the name of the Pope take the King of Spain as Lord of this land and obey his mandates. If you do not then I tell you that with the help of god I will enter powerfully against you. I will make war everywhere and every way I can. I will subject you to the yoke and make you obedient to the Church and to his Majesty. I will take all your women and children and make them slaves... The deaths that occur from here on will be your own fault and not that of his Majesty nor the gentlemen that accompany me.

17. The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortes
Montezuma II

18. The Death of Montezuma II

19. Mexico Surrenders to Cortes

20. The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa

21. The “Columbian Exchange”
Squash
Avocado
Peppers
Sweet Potatoes
Turkey
Pumpkin
TOBACCO
Quinine
COCOA / CHOCOLATE
Pineapple
Cassava
POTATO
Peanut
Tomato
Vanilla
MAIZE
Syphilis
Olive
Coffee Bean
Banana
Rice
Onion
Turnip
Honeybee
Barley
Grape
Peach
SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits
Pear
Wheat
HORSE
Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Smallpox
Flu
Typhus
Measles
Malaria
Diptheria
Whooping Cough

22. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

23. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

24. Triangle Trade
Middle passage

25. Slave Ship

26. “Coffin” Position Below Deck

27. African Captives Thrown Overboard

28. Mercantilism
The economy and trade are essential to the health and safety of the nation.
Get as much gold and silver as you can.
Establish a favorable balance of trade.
Get colonies.

29. Treasures from the Americas!

30. European Empires in the Americas

31. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Official European Colony!
Explorers
Conquistadores
Official European Colony!
Missionaries
Permanent Settlers

32. be considered an example of
Would the
'Columbian Exchange'
be considered an example of
unintentional
"bio-terrorism"??