1. Islamic Civilization
Chapter 14

2. The Spread of Islam
630’s AD – Arabs created a new empire in the Arabian Peninsula – with the religion of Islam at the center of it.
Arabs – people who lived on the Arabian Peninsula
Within a century, Islam spread throughout Asia, Northern Africa, and Europe
Bedouins – herders who roamed the desert in search of grass for their sheep, camels, and goats.
Caravans – groups of traveling merchants

3. Islamic Religion
Mecca or Makkah – largest city in Arabia – religious and trade center
Ka’bah – holiest shrine in Mecca
Cube shaped building – black stone – “fell from paradise”
Zemzen – holy well located near the Ka’bah
Pilgrims - people who travel to a Religious shrine

4. Religion continued… Mohammed – Founder of Islam – the Prophet
Islam – “submitting to God” Religion of the Muslims
Muslims – believers – followers of Islam
Allah – Muslim God
Koran or Quran – Muslim Scriptures
The word of God as revealed to Mohammed
Mosque – Muslim house of Worship
Caliph – leaders of the Arab State – successors of Mohammed
Jihad – holy war
Infidels – “non-believers”
Islamic Life
A mans world – not many rights for women – strict laws

5. Five Pillars of Faith The five duties a Muslim must fulfill
Confession of Faith
Recite “no God but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet”
Prayer
Five times a day facing Mecca
Alms
Give to Charity
Fasting
Fast each year during the daylight hours of the holy month of Ramadan
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Called the Hajj – at least once during your lifetime

6. Muslim Contributions Preserved the learning of the Ancient World
Founded Chemistry
Named many stars – describes the Moons effect on the oceans
Maps – round Earth
Algebra
Blood circulates – contagious