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Ossicular connections

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Presentation on theme: "Ossicular connections"— Presentation transcript:

1 Ossicular connections
Malleus: Manubrium of malleus connects to umbo of TM. Incus: Head of malleus connects to body of incus (incudo-mallear joint) Stapes: Inferior process of incus connects to form lenticular process, which connects to the stapes (incudo-stapedial joint) Footplate of the stapes connects to the oval window

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3 Ossicular connections, cont’d.
Suspended in the middle ear cavity by axial ligaments Posterior ligaments of incus Anterior ligaments of malleus Middle ear muscles Tensor tympani: Connected to manubrium of the malleus Activated by the trigeminal nerve Stapedial muscle: Connected to the head of the stapes Activated by the facial nerve

4 Functions of the middle ear
Effective sound transmission to inner ear Shields the round window from direct air pressure variations Protective function: Acoustic reflex

5 Possible methods of sound transmission into inner ear
Bone conduction: Through bones of the skull Air in the middle ear cavity Through the ossicles: Most effective

6 Nature of middle ear cavity
Not a completely closed cavity Necessary for efficient ossicular chain movement Opening through the eustachian tube Pressure equalization


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