1. Risk, Toxicology, and Human Health
G. Tyler Miller’s
Living in the Environment
14th Edition
Chapter 19

2. Key Concepts Types of hazards people face
Defining and measuring toxicology
Types and measurement of chemical hazards
Types and effects of biological hazards
Risk estimation, management, and reduction

3. Risk and Probability Risk Risk assessment Risk management Probability
Fig p. 410

4. Hazards Cultural hazards Physical hazards Chemical hazards
Biological hazards
Fig p. 409

5. Toxicology Toxicity Dosage Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Synergism
Fig p. 411
Toxicity
Dosage
Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification
Synergism
Response
Acute effect
Chronic effect
Fig p. 411

6. Poisons Poison Median lethal dose (LD50) See Table 19-1 p. 414
Fig p. 413

7. Dose-Response Curves Dose-response Nonthreshold Threshold
Fig p. 414

8. Chemical Hazards Hazardous chemicals Mutagens Teratogens Carcinogens
Neurotoxins
Hormonally active agents
Precautionary principle

9. Biological Hazards: Diseases
Nontransmissible disease
Fig p. 425
Transmissible disease
Pathogens
Vectors
Tuberculosis
HIV/AIDS
Malaria

10. Reducing Infectious Diseases
Fig p. 426

11. Bioterrorism Possible targets: air, water, and food Inexpensive
Fairly easy to produce biological agents
Recombinant DNA techniques
Refer to Fig p. 427

12. Risk Analysis Risk analysis Comparative risk analysis
System reliability
Risk management
Risk perception

13. Risk Analysis
Fig p. 428