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Chapter 7 Section 1 Early Years of the War
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Americans Divided
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Americans Divided Colonists start choosing sides
20-30% are Loyalists-NYC and the South 40-45% are Patriots-New England and Virginia Rest are neutral British are able to persuade some Native Americans and African-Americans to join
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George Washington and the Army
George Washington is the leader of the Continental Army. Soldiers only have a one year enlistment and Continental Army never exceeds 17,000
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Strategy George Washington has a strategy of survival Keep Army Small
Win Small Battles Avoid large battles until army gets larger
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War in the Middle States
Washington forced the British to retreat from Boston in 1776. 9k Hessian Mercenaries- soldiers hired to fight for another country Washington is forced to retreat
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Crossing Delaware Continental Army really needs a victory
Washington plans on crossing the Delaware to surprise the Hessians on Christmas Day
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Battle of Trenton Attacked Hessian troops who were sleeping on Christmas Day. Killed or captured over 900 Hessians, and gained valuable supplies Won at Trenton, and Princeton
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British Strategy Britain’s Strategy- plan Seize Hudson River Valley
Burgoyne (Canada), Howe (NYC) and Leger (West) rendezvous-meet in Albany Plan to end war quickly
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Britain’s Strategy Unravels
Burgoyne is slow in getting to Albany Instead of going North, Howe decided to capture Philadelphia St. Leger is tricked by Benedict Arnold and retreats as well
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Battles of Saratoga Battles of Saratoga- series of battles that become the turning point of the war Burgoyne loses and surrenders to Horatio Gates-Continental General
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Importance of Saratoga
It prevented the British from dividing the states Showed the Europeans that the Americans might win the war. Spain and France decide to help U.S. in the war Burgoyne surrenders and Arnold trades sides
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