1. Biology Notes Cells Part 3 Pages 84, 722-728

2. Standards
____ Explain the role of cell membranes as highly selective barriers ____ Identify the major parts of the brain on diagrams or models
3.6
3.7

3. Essential Question: 1.
What is the purpose of the brain?

4. I. Cell Receptors = a ________ that detects a signal molecule and performs a _________ in response
cell receptors only bind to specific shaped molecules called ________
this ensures that only the right cell receives the right _________
protein
function
ligands
message

5. TYPES OF RECEPTORS:
1. intracellular = receptors _______ the cell which means the message or _______ must cross the cell membrane
common form of how ___________ work
inside
ligand
hormones

6. 2. membrane receptors = receptors located on the _______ of the cell membrane which change shapes in response to a bound _______ in order to communicate the message inside the cell
used when the ligand is usually too ______ to cross cell membrane
outside
ligand
large

7. II. Nervous System – The Body’s Electro-Chemical Communication System
A. Functions 1. Gather information from _______ and ________ the organism 2. Transmit this information in the form of _________ and _________messages to the brain 3. Process the information and choose the best _________ that will keep the organism in homeostasis
inside
outside
electrical
chemical
response

8. 4. Send the decision to ________, glands, and/or _______ through __________ or __________ messages so they can perform appropriate actions
muscles
organs
electrical
chemical

9. B. Neurons = the basic nerve cell which functions to carry __________ through the nervous system in the forms of nerve _________ and neurotransmitters
messages
impulses

10. neurotransmitter = the chemical form of _________ that travels within the ________ system and allow neurons to communicate with other _____
in order for 2 neurons to communicate, the ________________ must be allowed into the cell which means it must be recognized by cell membrane __________ and possibly _______ or be actively transported across the cell __________
messages
nervous
cells
neurotransmitter
receptors
diffuse
membrane

12. DIAGRAM:

18. C. The Brain = the major ___________ unit of the body made of many ________ which receives messages about the environment and decides which _______ to take in order to keep an organism alive
can be divided into different ________, each having specific controls
processing
neurons
actions
sections

19. Sections of the Brain
1. Cerebrum = area of the brain responsible for all _________ activities of the body as well as personality and _________
consists of the ____ and ______ hemispheres which can communicate with each other using the _______ callosum
voluntary
behavior
left
right
corpus

21. the left hemisphere controls
muscles and senses located
on the _____ side of the body
as well as ______, logic, and
__________
the right hemisphere controls
on the ____ side of the
body as well as spatial abilities,
facial recognition, visual imagery,
and _______
right
math
reasoning
left
music

22. as a whole, the cerebrum can be divided into different ______, each responsible for specific controls
lobes

23. a. frontal lobe = part of the cerebrum in charge of planning, __________, problem-solving, movement (_______ cortex), and some aspects of speech (________ area); also considered the area where the seat of ________ lies b. temporal lobe = part of the cerebrum in charge of ________, speech reception, and some parts of the ________ (hippocampus)
reasoning
motor
Broca’s
emotion
hearing
memory

25. c. parietal lobe = part of the cerebrum that detects changes in the skin including _________, heat, _____, pain, and the position of the body in space d. occipital lobe = part of the cerebrum that in charge of _______
pressure
cold
vision

26. 2. Cerebellum = area of the brain responsible for coordinating body __________
Puts commands for movement received from the __________ into action with __________
3. Brain Stem = area of the brain that connects the brain to the _______ cord and regulates ___________ action
e.g.
a. medulla oblongata
b. pons
movement
cerebrum
muscles
spinal
involuntary
breathing, heart beat, blinking

27. 4. Thalamus = receives messages from the _______ and relays to the correct part of the __________ for further processing 5. Hypothalamus = part of the brain which controls _______, thirst, anger, fatigue, ______ temperature and coordinates responses with the __________ system
senses
cerebrum
hunger
body
endocrine