1. Constitutional Convention, Ratification, and the Bill of Rights
STAAR MORNING REVIEW
Constitutional Convention, Ratification, and the Bill of Rights

2. THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
What was it?
A meeting of delegates (representatives) of all the states except Rhode Island
Where?
Independence Hall in Philadelphia, PA (the same building where the Declaration of Independence was signed)
Why?
The goal was to re-write the failed Articles of Confederation
Who?
The brightest men of the nation (Jefferson called them “demigods”) including, Washington, Franklin, Madison, and Hamilton.
Jefferson was away in France and Adams was in Britain. Patrick Henry didn’t go because he “smelled a rat.”

3. CONVENTION How strong should the government be?
How will freedom be protected? (Remember your DBQ about how the Constitution guards against TYRANNY?)

4. REPRESENTATION This was the biggest issue
Large State Plan, or the Virginia Plan
2 house legislature
Based on states’ populations
More people = more votes
STRONG federal
government

5. REPRESENTATION Small State, or New Jersey Plan 1 house legislature
Based on equality of the states
One state = one vote
No strong federal government
Can you see the beginnings of the conflict of ideas that will plague the Adams’, Jackson, and Lincoln administrations??

6. This is “The Great Compromise”
House based on population
Makes large states happy (Virginia Plan)
In the Senate all states are equal
Makes small states happy (New Jersey Plan)
This is “The Great Compromise”

7. This is the 3/5ths COMPROMISE
SLAVES
Count Slaves?
Southern states say, YES!
Northern states say, NO WAY!
Compromise
States can count 3/5 of their slave population toward representation
This is the 3/5ths COMPROMISE

8. RATIFICATION Ratify means to officially approve
9 of 13 states were required (but all were wanted)
Rhode Island is the last to approve it

9. The Debate Federalists argued FOR the Constitution
U.S. needs a STRONG central government
Checks and Balances, Separation of Powers, etc. will guard against TYRANNY
Hamilton, Madison and Jay write THE FEDERALIST PAPERS to convince voters to ratify

10. The Debate Anti-Federalists argued AGAINST the Constitution
Government is TOO strong
No guarantee of INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
Patrick Henry and George Mason are Anti-Fed leaders

11. Bill of Rights The 1st ten Amendments to the Constitution
The Bill of Rights shields Americans from the abuses of government.
Thanks, Anti-Federalists!!!

12. 1st

13. 2ND

14. It is something over which you will be tested!
3rd
Do you remember the Quartering Act?
It was a GRIEVANCE listed in the Declaration of Independence.
Can you see how the Constitution addresses grievances listed in the Declaration?
It is something over which you will be tested!

15. 4th

16. 5th

17. 6th

18. JURY TRIAL IN CIVIL CASES
7th
JURY TRIAL IN CIVIL CASES

19. 8th