1. PRESENT PERFECT PAST Simple
AND
PAST Simple

2. THE PRESENT PERFECT IS A
TENSE

3. IT ALWAYS TELLS US SOMETHING ABOUT
NOW

4. Means that Tom doesn’t have his key now
For example:
‘Tom has lost his key’
Means that Tom doesn’t have his key now

5. THE PAST SIMPLE TELLS US ONLY ABOUT THE

6. We don’t know whether Tom has the key now or not …
For example:
‘Tom lost his key’
We don’t know whether Tom has the key now or not …

7. …We only know that he lost it
some time in the past

8. … Do not use the PRESENT PERFECT
IF THERE’S NO CONNECTION TO THE PRESENT…

9. … For example, things that happened a long time ago:
‘The Chinese invented printing’
‘Beethoven was a great composer’

10. PAST SIMPLE … we use the PRESENT PERFECT to give new information
But if we continue to talk about it, we usually use the
PAST SIMPLE