1. OCEAN

2. Oceans cover 71% of Earth and they hold 97% of the planet’s water

7. ROCK CYCLE

8. Carbon Cycle

20. niche Niche of producers Niche of consumers Niche of decomposers
To produce food for consumers
To decompose and provide nutrients for new plants
Niche of consumers
To consume producers and provide food for upper level consumers
Niche of decomposers
To recycle dead plants, animals, and debris in the ocean and to maintain the balance of life and death in it

21. Community Properties Intertidal Pelagic Hadal
Relatively small organisms that can adapt easily
Plants absorb sunlight (photosynthetic)
Pelagic
Organisms can endure lack of oxygen, cold temperatures, high pressure, dim light, and scarcity of food
Hadal
Life is sustained by chemical reactions from thermal vents
Most organisms are colorless and bioluminescent

23. Environmental Pressures
Oil spills
Litter
Changing temperatures
pH decrease
Oxygen levels decrease (hypoxia)
Overfishing
Unstable food pyramid

24. Population Dynamics Amsterdam Albatross Close to extinction Due :
Long-line fisheries
Mortality of adult fish
Contacts between fishing units and foraging albatrosses