1. Political campaining

2. Questions What problems could be related to political campaigning?
What are the trends in your country?
Is the media or the politics the driving force behind these changes?

3. Concepts Americanization Personalization Negative campaigning
Market-orientation
Mediatization
Agenda setting
Pack journalism
E-democracy
Political cynism
Spectacularization

4. Zambia Personalization:
2008 presidential elections focused on individuals rather than issues that affect people

5. Zambia Mediatization Negative campaigning:
”HH is immature, Munkombwe” (Post newspapar)
”Rupiah is sleepy” (10/10/08)
Chimba III documentary

6. Finland Market-orientation Political advertising
Hijacking the message of the opponent
Case study: Kokoomus (conservative party)

10. Tanzania Americanization: Chadema, CCM Personification: J.Kikwete
Negative campaigning: CCM vs CUF
Spectacularization: CCM and Chadema
Agenda setting
Political cynism:

11. Chadema

12. Chadema

13. Questions What problems could be related to political campaigning?
What are the trends in your country?
Is the media or the politics the driving force behind these changes?