1. Lipids
GT Biology 

2. I. Lipids are compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
Lipids have
1. less oxygen than carbohydrates
2. twice as much hydrogen than
carbohydrates
3. Long carbon chain

4. 1. They do not dissolve in water
B. lipids are NON POLAR
1. They do not dissolve in water
(which is polar)
2. They are emulsified (broken
down into smaller fat
molecules) by organic solvents,
such as acetone, terpentine

5. C. Lipids are 1. Fats 2. Oils 3. Waxes Sources of Fat 4. Soaps Fat in
cells

6. Waxes Oils soaps

7. II. Types of Lipids
Triglycerides
1. Made out of: 1 glycerol
3 fatty acids
2. Functions: energy, insulation, protection
3. Dietary sources: oils & fats
* The form most commonly found in nature

8. 3 Fatty Acid Chains

9. B. Phospholipids
1. Made out of: glycerol, fatty
acid, phosphate group
2. Functions: forms the cell
membrane

10. Sterols
1. Made out of: C, H, O arranged
in rings
2. Functions: hormones, bile for
digestion, Vitamin D

11. *Unique 4 ring structure

12. B-A-D = bad stuff for you!
D. Saturated Fats
1. all the carbon-carbon bonds are single
2. Carbon chain “filled” with Hydrogen
3. At room temperature, they are solid
4. Found in animal products like butter
and meat
5. Increases the amount of cholesterol
in the body
B-A-D = bad stuff for you!
(palm & coconut oil)

13. All single
bonds
All filled
with
hydrogen

14. Unsaturated Fats
1. One or more pairs of carbon
atoms have double bonds
2. At room temperature, they are liquid
3. Found in oils and plant products
4. Decreases the amount of
cholesterol
Better to eat, YEAH! 
(olive & corn oil)

15. At least
one double
Bond
Not filled
with
hydrogen

16. Saturated Lipid fits tightly together:
Unsaturated
Saturated
(Not tightly packed fatty acids
Due to double bonds)
(Tightly packed fatty acids)

17. How are lipids formed?
Lipids are made by dehydration
synthesis …remember from carbs?
The glycerol looses 3 “OH” and each
Fatty acid looses one “H”, forming the
Triglyceride and 3 water molecules.

18. 1 water
1 water
1 water

19. How to test for the presence of Lipids: 1. The Solubility Test
How to test for the presence of Lipids: The Solubility Test *Mix the solution with and organic solvent, if no layers form due to emulsification it is a lipid * if mixed with water and layers form, is a lipid .

20. a piece of brown paper, if a translucent spot remains, it is a
2. The Brown paper test * spot a small amount of liquid on
a piece of brown paper, if a
translucent spot remains, it is a
lipid. If no spot remains, it is not
a lipid

21. Lab book entry: compare the differences and similarities between saturated and unsaturated lipids in a Venn Diagram.
unsaturated
Saturated
similarities