1. A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen
Introduction Notes

2. What is Realism?
Literature that attempts to create the appearance of life as it is actually experienced. Commonplace, everyday life rather than extraordinary events (Oedipus) are the focus. ( )
Records details of ordinary life
Concentrates on the typical/average “Joe” (not royalty)
Examines a slice of life

3. Realism Characteristics
Speak the way we speak in real life
Conflicts involve work, love, marriage, children, death
Deals with factories, slums, bosses, social outcasts, shopkeepers, the rising & struggling middle class
Portrays man imprisoned by forces he could not control or understand. Viewed society as restricting.

4. Realism on Stage
Attempts to create the illusion of “real life” on stage
Scenery is real
“life-like” language
“well-made” plots
4th wall convention - actors address each other; they do not speak directly to audience

5. Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) Father of realism and the modern drama
He moved away from romanticism and its use of stereotyped characters, exaggerated emotions, and flowery language
Explored controversial topics of his time

6. Ibsen’s style Lack of metaphors Presence of symbolism
Short, choppy, dialogue

7. A “social problem” play
Addresses controversial topics, problems in society
A Doll House – inferior role of women
An Enemy of the People – corrupt public officials
Want to teach about & correct social probs
Danger is playwright has to create characters with whom the audience can identify otherwise play feels like propaganda

8. Major Themes in A Doll House
Coming-of-age and loss-of-innocence
Loss of female identity that the inferior position of women in this society fostered
Concept that one’s highest duty is to oneself, even if that duty appears to break all the rules of society
The idea that the appearance of things does not always mirror reality and, sometimes, may mask the true reality