1. Critical Task Analysis
Orion

2. Definitions Critical Task Analysis Task
Is the systematic examinations of a task or activity to identify all loss exposures associated with the task and develop control for those exposures
Task
A segment of work, which requires a set of specific and distinct actions for its completion

3. Definitions Critical Task Step
A task, which has the potential to cause significant loss to environment , people, property & process when not performed properly.
Step
One segment of the total task where something happens to advance the work involved.

4. Methodology Inventory of Occupations Inventory of Tasks
Identify the critical tasks
Analyze the critical tasks
Write procedures or practices
Put to work
Up-date and maintain records

5. Inventory of Occupations
Comprehensive and complete list of all the occupations performed in all the departments.
Example :
Maintenance Dept
Field operator
Helper
Fitter
Welder
Electrician
Technician

6. Inventory of Tasks
List of all the tasks being performed on a routine and non-routine basis by all occupations.
Example :
Occupation: Electrician
Switch off the breaker
Sectionalist of the fault area
Check different electrical components
Fault finding
Rectification of the fault

7. Inventory of Tasks Thumb Rules
Terms like operate and maintain are not single tasks. They should be broken down into several more manageable tasks
Activities with “ing” form of verb (stacking, moving, loading, cleaning) are usually general responsibilities rather than specific tasks
Greater the number of individual steps, the greater the chance of that more than one task is involved.
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8. Inventory of Tasks Thumb Rules
The longer the time required to complete the work, the greater the chance that more than one task is involved
The greater the number of people required to complete the work, the greater the chance that more than one task is involved

9. Identify the Critical Tasks
A system consisting of three parameter rating scales is used to determine the Criticality of a Task:
Severity of Occurrence
Frequency of Exposure
Probability of Loss

10. Identify the Critical Tasks
Severity
“Severity is derived from the cost of the losses being incurred or the loss most likely to be incurred as a result of wrong performance of the task”.
Severity Scale (‘0’ to ‘6’)
0 - No injury or illness or quality, production, environmental or other loss of less than Rs. 25,000
2 - Minor injury or illness without loss time; non- disruptive property damage. Quality, production, and environmental or other loss of Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 2,50,000
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11. Identify the Critical Tasks
Severity Scale (‘0’ to ‘6’)
4 - A lost time injury or illness without permanent disability; disruptive property damage: quality; quality, production environmental or other loss of more than Rs. 2,50,000 but not exceeding Rs. 10,00,000
6 - Permanent disability, loss of life or parts of body; extensive loss of structure, equipment, material; quality, production, environmental or other losses exceeding Rs. 10,00,000

12. Identify the Critical Tasks
Frequency Scale (‘1’ to ‘3’)
No. of Persons Performing the Task
No. of times the task is being performed
Less than Daily
Few times per day (1 to 3 times)
Many times per day (More than 3 times)
Few (1 or 2) 1 2
Moderate (3 to 5) 3
Many (More than 5)

13. Identify the Critical Tasks
Probability
Probability of loss is the likelihood of the loss to occur whenever a particular task after performing, is influenced by the following factors:
Hazardousness- how inherently dangerous is the task ?
Difficulty- How prone to quality, production or other problem is the task ?
Complexity of the task – How complex is the nature of the task ?
The chance that there will be loss if the task is improperly performed

14. Identify the Critical Tasks
Probability Scale (‘-1’ to ‘1’)
-1 = Low probability of loss
0 = Moderate probability of loss
+1 = High probability of loss

15. Identify the Critical Tasks
Total Criticality Rating
The points allotted to each of the three factors are then added to indicate a scale of criticality ranging from 0 to 10.

16. Analyze the Critical Tasks
Break down the Tasks into into Steps
Pinpoint Loss exposures
Make an Improvement check
Develop Controls

17. Analyze the Critical Tasks
A. Break down the Tasks into into Steps
Every task can be broken down into the steps required to do it and there is usually a particular order to the steps that is best.
It is this orderly sequence of steps that will eventually become the basis for the task procedure
Example :
Critical Task : “Fault finding”
Step 1: Check the power supply
Step 2: Check the motor
Step 3: Check the electrical control panel
Step 4: Check the cable
Step 5: Check the limit switch

18. Analyze the Critical Tasks
B. Pinpoint Loss Exposures
After breaking down the critical task into its steps analyze each step to determine the loss exposures involved in each step particular with respect to :
People
Equipment
Materials
Environment
PEME

19. Analyze the Critical Tasks
B. Pinpoint Loss Exposures
Avoid general terms such as personnel injury, poor quality, prolonged down-town or increased costs.
Be specific Equipment damage - poor readings, inadequate flow of water causing plug-ups, hand injury due to wrench, slippage etc.

20. Analyze the Critical Tasks
C. Make an Improvement Check
Making an improvement check is simply determining if the work bring performed can be done in a better way..
This raises the prospect of change.

21. Analyze the Critical Tasks
C. Make an Improvement Check
To start with one can go with 4W’s and 1H.
Who is best qualified to do it ?
Where is the best place to do it ?
When should it be done ?
Why is this step necessary ?
How to do the work in the best possible way ?
Meaningful improvement increases Motivation & Support

22. Analyze the Critical Tasks
Seven major ways to make the Improvements
Eliminate: Eliminate unnecessary steps and activities which really do not contribute.
Combine: Combine task steps or even tasks so that one step or task can accomplish several purposes
Rearrange: Combine task steps or even tasks so that one step or task can accomplish several purposes
Simplify: Simplify the job by providing appropriate aids, tools, procedures ,information, feedback, etc.

23. Analyze the Critical Tasks
Reduce: Develop a solution which will increase the life of the task- a better fitter to reduce clean-outs, a better lubricant to reduce how often it has to be done.
Substitute: Use a different substance, material, chemical, etc.,that does not prevent the problem (i.e. less flammable , toxic , corrosive, etc.)
Relocate: Relocate the task so that it is done elsewhere in the process , or relocate where it is done for greater safety and efficiency. Increase people’s desire to control losses by providing effective incentives and reinforcements.

24. Analyze the Critical Tasks
D. Develop Controls
“Safety can be defined as the control of accidental loss”
Determine the actions and precautions that will prevent a potential loss from occurring or minimize its effect if it were to occur.
Control method include:
Change in procedure and practices,
Engineering changes,
Work rotation,
Personnel protective equipment,
Improvement Programmes

25. Write Procedures & practices
Change in procedure and practices
Starts with a statement of the purpose & importance of the task,
Presents a step by step description of how to proceed
It expresses the step in a positive what to do way rather than a long list of don’ts,
Printed in a simple functional format

26. Write Procedures & practices
Seven Key ways to put task procedures & practices to work
Employee orientation
Proper task instructions
Planned task observation
Personnel contacts , coaching and tipping
Safety talks
Accident/ Incident Investigation
Skill training

27. Thank You
Orion