1. A White Blood Cell Study: The Differential WBC Count Blood Typing
Exercise 40 & 45

2. The Components of Blood
Blood is a connective tissue
45% Formed Elements (solid portion)
Blood cells
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
55% Plasma (liquid portion)
Clear, extra-cellular fluid

3. Looking at White Blood Cells
Leukocytes: Granulocytes
Contain granules in their cytoplasm that contain digestive enzymes.
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Leukocytes: Agranulocytes
Lack pronounced granules in the cytoplasm
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

4. Neutrophils
Neutrophils are one of the body’s main defenses against bacteria. They kill bacteria via phagocytosis
When a bacterial infection is present, an increase of neutrophils are seen

5. NEUTROPHIL Smaller, paler granules In the cytoplasm
Characteristically lobulated
With thin bridges between

6. EOSINOPHIL Kills parasites and involved in allergic reactions
Bilobed nuclei
Granules are large and
Pronounced. Orange in
Appearance.
Kills parasites and involved in allergic reactions

7. BASOPHIL Function in allergic reactions. Release histamine and heparin
Few in number.
Dark granules.
Nuclei are large
and vary in shape.
Function in allergic reactions. Release histamine and heparin

8. Lymphocytes
Complex cells that direct the body's immune system. T lymphocytes are formed in the bone marrow from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells, then travel to and mature in the thymus gland. B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow.
Lymphocytes are different from the other WBCs because they can recognize and have a memory of invading bacteria and viruses.

9. LYMPHOCYTE Small lymphocytes are more abundant, have large,
dense nuclei with a thin
cytoplasmic layer.
Large lymphocytes have
an indented nuclei and
more cytoplasm.
Blood Platelets

10. MONOCYTE Largest cells found in normal blood. Nucleus may be ovoid,
indented, or horseshoe-
shaped.
Considerably more
cytoplasm than
lymphocytes.
Voracious phagocytes.

11. Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Monocyte & Lymphocyte
Monocyte

12. Trypanosoma Gambiense: sleeping sickness carried by the tsetse fly
Trip anna soma GAM-be-ense. Animal parasite.

13. Sickle Cell Anemia

14. Infectious Mononucleosis
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, a DNA herpes-type virus that infects B lymphocytes.

15. Blood Typing Blood Groups: A, B, O System
Letters are describing the RBCs
Group A: A antigen; B antibody
Group B: B antigen; A antibody
Group AB: A & B antigen; NO antibody
Group O: NO antigen; A & B antibody
Antigen = Agglutinogen
Antibody = Agglutinins

16. Group A Blood
= A antigen on the RBC
Anti B - antibody in plasma

17. Group B Blood
Anti A - antibody in plasma
= B antigen on the RBC

18. Group AB
NO antibody’s in plasma
= A & B antigens on the RBC

19. Group O
NO antigen on the RBC
Anti A & B - antibodies in plasma

20. Rh Factor Presence of D antigen = Rh+ Absence of D antigen = Rh-
Exposure to Rh positive blood will produce antibodies.
Rh- mother carrying Rh+ fetus may be at risk endangering future pregnancies with Rh+ child.