4. Chronic Villi Sampling (CVS)
1st trimester
Chorionic villi (fetal cells) scraped off & suctioned
Cells and chromosomes examined
Danger: 1% death rate

6. Amniocentesis 11th-18th week of pregnancy
Amniotic fluid & shed fetal cells obtained
Chromosomes can be studied
Danger: 1 in 200 risk of miscarriage

8. Ultrasound Visualizes the fetus
Like sonar: sounds waves echo to produce an image
May help ID age, multiple fetus’, complications
No risk

15. Essay #4
If there is a known genetic disorder in one or more individuals in her or her husband’s family, should a pregnant woman be required to have prenatal testing done to determine whether her unborn child carries the disorder? Give reasons for your answer.