1. 1.2 Investigating Matter

2. Objectives By the end of the lesson you should be able to:
Describe matter using physical properties
Use the KMT to describe changes of state
Know the difference between physical changes and chemical changes
Differentiate between elements and compounds

3. 1.2 Investigating Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume
Mass: amount of matter in a substance, often measured in grams (g)
Volume: amount of space a substance or object occupies (L)

4. Describing Matter
Physical Properties: characteristics that can be observed or measured
Qualitative: described (descriptive words – think QUALity)
Eg. Colour
Quantitative: measured numerically (numbers – think QUANTity)
Eg. Boiling point

5. Properties Qualitative Property Description Quantitative Property
State
S, L, G
Colour
Silver, black, red, etc
Malleability
Ability to be beaten into sheets
Ductility
Ability to be drawn into wires
Crystallinity
Shape or appearance of crystals
Magnetism
Tendency to be attracted to a magnet
Properties
Quantitative Property
Description
Solubility
Ability to dissolve in water
Conductivity
Ability to conduct electricity or heat
Viscosity
Resistance to flow
Density
Materials mass / volume
Melting/Freezing Point
Temperature of melting/freezing
Boiling/Condensing Point
Temperature of boiling/condensing

6. KMT: Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetic Energy: the energy of motion
Kinetic Molecular Theory: explains what happens to matter as the energy in the particles changes

7. KMT 1. All matter is made up of very small particles
2. There is empty space between particles
3. Particles are constantly moving
Particles of a solid are so tightly packed together that they cannot move around freely. They can only vibrate
Particles of a liquid are farther apart, they can move by sliding past each other
Particles of a gas are very far apart, they move around quickly
4. Energy makes particles move. The more energy particles have, the faster they can move and the farther apart they can get

8. Changes of State: Energy Levels and Temperature
Gas Solid Liquid
Condensation
Deposition
Evaporation
Sublimation
Melting
Solidification

9. Types of Changes Physical Changes Chemical Changes
A change that results in a change of appearance but no new substance
HINTS: state changes
Eg. Popping a balloon, boiling water, breaking glass
Chemical Changes
A change in matter that results in a new substance
HINTS: explosions, colour changes when heated
Eg. Rust on a car, burning a match, cooking an egg

10. Ways to Identify Chemical Changes:
Hard to reverse
Something new is produced
Heat and light may be given off
Bubbles of gas may be given off
Solid materials (precipitate) may form in a liquid
New colour may appear

11. Hard to Reverse: Rust

12. Something New is Produced

13. Heat and Light Given Off: Burning Wood

14. Bubbles Given Off (NOT boiling)

15. Solid Materials Form in a Liquid (precipitate)

16. Colour Change

17. Chemical or Physical Changes?
Decide whether the second picture in each picture set is a physical or chemical change.

18. Look at the following images
Look at the following images. What are some indicators that a chemical change has occurred?
Indicators of a chemical change are light being produced, colour change, gas bubbles, temperature change, solids forming (precipitate)

19. NOT ELEMENT (Compound)
Pure Substances
ELEMENT
NOT ELEMENT (Compound)
Can be either elements or compounds
Elements: substance that contains only one kind of matter and cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Compounds : are two or more different elements combined
Diamond
(carbon only)
Table salt
(sodium and chlorine)

20. Element or Compound?

22. Your Turn!
Activity Time: Describing Matter Lab!