1. 1.2 Investigating Matter

2. Objectives By the end of the lesson you should be able to:
Describe matter using physical properties
Use the KMT to describe changes of state

3. 1.2 Investigating Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume
Mass: amount of matter in a substance, often measured in grams (g)
Volume: amount of space a substance or object occupies (L)

4. Describing Matter
Physical Properties: characteristics that can be observed or measured
Qualitative: described (descriptive words – think QUALity)
Quantitative: measured numerically (numbers – think QUANTity)

5. Properties Qualitative Property Description Quantitative Property
State
S, L, G
Colour
Silver, black, red, etc
Malleability
Ability to be beaten into sheets
Ductility
Ability to be drawn into wires
Crystallinity
Shape or appearance of crystals
Magnetism
Tendency to be attracted to a magnet
Properties
Quantitative Property
Description
Solubility
Ability to dissolve in water
Conductivity
Ability to conduct electricity or heat
Viscosity
Resistance to flow
Density
Materials mass / volume
Melting/Freezing Point
Temperature of melting/freezing
Boiling/Condensing Point
Temperature of boiling/condensing

6. KMT: Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetic Energy: the energy of motion
Kinetic Molecular Theory: explains what happens to matter as the energy in the particles changes

7. KMT 1. All matter is made up of very small particles
2. There is empty space between particles
3. Particles are constantly moving
Particles of a solid are so tightly packed together that they cannot move around freely. They can only vibrate
Particles of a liquid are farther apart, they can move by sliding past each other
Particles of a gas are very far apart, they move around quickly
4. Energy makes particles move. The more energy particles have, the faster they can move and the farther apart they can get

8. Changes of State: Energy Levels and Temperature?
Gas Solid Liquid
Condensation
Deposition
Evaporation
Sublimation
Melting
Solidification

9. KMT and Changes of State
When you have a substance in a solid state, we say it has low kinetic energy
When you have a substance in a liquid state, we say it has an increased level of kinetic energy
When you have a substance in a gaseous state, we say it has high kinetic energy

10. KMT
So when we talk about Kinetic energy, what are we specifically talking about?
We are talking about the energy level in the particles that make up your substance and how fast they are moving

11. Types of Changes Chemical Changes
A change in matter that results in a new substance
HINTS: explosions, colour changes when heated
Physical Changes
A change that results in a change of appearance but no new substance
HINTS: state changes

12. Types of Changes
Physical Change – a change in matter in which no new substance is produced.
Examples: Popping a balloon, boiling water, breaking glass
Chemical Change – a change in matter in which one or more new substances are produced.
Example: Rust on a car, burning a match

13. Chemical Change
A chemical change is a change in matter that occurs when substances combine to form new substances
Eg. Fireworks exploding, gases form from the solids in the fireworks

14. Chemical Change
Designers who make fireworks know that certain substances will change color when they heated.
Sparklers glow bright white because of magnesium.
Magnesium is often added to these fireworks

15. Types of Changes Ways to Identify Chemical Changes: Hard to reverse
Something new is produced
Heat and light may be given off
Bubbles of gas may be given off
Solid materials (precipitate) may form in a liquid
New colour may appear

16. Hard to Reverse: Rust

17. Something New is Produced

18. Heat and Light Given Off: Burning Wood

19. Bubbles Given Off

20. Solid Materials Form in a Liquid

21. Colour Change

22. Pure Substances Can be either elements or compounds
Elements: cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Compounds : are two or more elements combined

23. Element or Compound?

25. Your Turn!
Activity Time: Describing Matter Lab!