1. Aim: How can we explain the factors affecting infiltration?

2. Infiltration When water enters the ground
When water cannot infiltrate, it becomes RUNOFF

3. Factors that affect infiltration

4. Slope of the Land
The steeper the slope, the less infiltration

5. Degree of Saturation
The more saturated the loose materials at Earth’s surface, the less the infiltration

6. Amount of Vegetation
The more plants present, the more the infiltration

8. Porosity
The percentage of open space (pores and cracks) in a material compared to its total volume
The greater the porosity, the greater the infiltration
Porosity depends on shape, packing, and sorting

9. Round particles have greater porosity than angular particles
Shape
Round particles have greater porosity than angular particles

10. Which one is more porous?

11. How does porosity change as the particle change from round to oval to flat?

12. The more closely packed the particles, the lower the porosity
Packing
The more closely packed the particles, the lower the porosity
BUT! Porosity is independent of particle size if they are packed the same (each size had the same amount of water)

13. Which one is more porous?

14. Which one is more porous?

15. Sorting
Unsorted particles have a lower porosity than sorted particles

16. Which one is more porous?

17. Which would be most porous? Which would be less? THINK PAIR SHARE

18. Permeability
The ability of a material to allow fluids such as water to pass through
Permeability rate is the speed at which fluids pass through

19. Particle size and permeability
Permeability increases with particle size (the water ran through the largest particles the fastest)

20. TTYP Compare the porosity and permeability of the two samples

21. Capillarity
The attractive force between water molecules and the surrounding Earth materials
Causes water to move upwards – decreases the rate of infiltration
The smaller the pores are, the greater the capillary action

22. Soil Storage Saturation
INFILTRATION
Infiltration refers to water soaking into the ground:
Permeability
Infiltration rate
Porosity
Infiltration rate
Infiltration rate
Slope
Infiltration rate
Soil Storage Saturation