1. bellwork Define these terms in your comp books (look on pg346)
Scientific Revolution
Geocentric
Heliocentric
Ellipses
Gravity
rationalism

2. The Scientific Revolution

3. The Scientific Revolution
Before 1500, Europeans relied on two main sources for understanding nature: the Bible and classical thinkers, such as Aristotle.
Between 1500 & 1700, modern science emerged as a new way of gaining knowledge about the natural world.

4. Copernicus and Kepler: A New View of the Universe
Geocentric theory: earth is center of universe; believed by Ptolemy, Aristotle and supported by the Bible.

5. Copernicus and Kepler: A New View of the Universe (cont.)
Heliocentric theory: sun is the center of universe; posited by Copernicus (by using observation and mathematics) in 1543.
Early 1600s, Kepler (by studying detailed records and mathematics) agrees with Copernican theory, but states that orbits are ovals.

6. Galileo and the Copernican Theory
Galileo creates own telescope and discovers: moon’s surface is rough; discovered Jupiter’s 4 moons; observed Venus.
Galileo realizes that the phases of Venus meant that it was traveling around the sun.

7. Galileo and the Copernican Theory (cont.)
Galileo faces the Inquisition over his book: Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems.
Galileo recants, but his ideas spread.

8. Isaac Newton and the Law of Gravity
Newton deduced that the same force that causes an apple to fall from a tree, keeps planets in their orbits.
Gravity: all physical objects have a force of attraction between them.
Principia: law of gravity and three laws of motion.

9. The Scientific Method State a question or problem
Form a hypothesis
Conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis
Make careful observations and collect data
Analyze the data to see if the hypothesis is correct
Francis Bacon: outlined a method of scientific investigation that depended on close observation.
Rene Descartes: physical universe obeys universal mathematical laws.
Galileo’s law of falling bodies demonstrates scientific method.

10. Key Inventions
Mid 1600s: Dutchman Antonie van Leeuwenhoek develops own microscope and is first person to see bacteria.
1640s: Evangelista Torricelli creates barometer which measures changes in atmospheric pressure.
Early 1700s: German Daniel Fahrenheit improves upon Galileo’s thermometer.