1. Getting Started
BPS 7e Chapter 0
© 2014 W. H. Freeman and Company

2. Data What are two common methods for collecting data?
experiments and statistical inference
observational studies and experiments
experiments and descriptive statistics
observational studies and descriptive statistics

3. Data (answer) What are two common methods for collecting data?
experiments and statistical inference
observational studies and experiments
experiments and descriptive statistics
observational studies and descriptive statistics

4. Data Collection
A researcher wants to evaluate whether a new method of teaching chemistry to high school students is more effective than the standard teaching method. To achieve this, the investigator divides the class randomly into two groups, group A and group B, and plans to implement a new teaching technique in group A while keeping the standard teaching method in group B.
What common method of data collection is used in this study?
experimental study
observational study
None of the above.

5. Data Collection (answer)
A researcher wants to evaluate whether a new method of teaching chemistry to high school students is more effective than the standard teaching method. To achieve this, the investigator divides the class randomly into two groups, group A and group B, and plans to implement a new teaching technique in group A while keeping the standard teaching method in group B.
What common method of data collection is used in this study?
experimental study
observational study
None of the above.

6. Data Collection
Data collected from opinion polls or surveys exemplify an __________.
experimental study
observational study
None of the above.

7. Data Collection (answer)
Data collected from opinion polls or surveys exemplify an __________.
experimental study
observational study
None of the above.

8. Variation
Because variation is everywhere, conclusions are uncertain. Statistics gives us a language for better understanding uncertainty.
True
False

9. Variation (answer)
Because variation is everywhere, conclusions are uncertain. Statistics gives us a language for better understanding uncertainty.
True
False

10. Variation
Variation is everywhere. However, repeated measurements on the same individual do not vary; and certainly not everything varies over time.
True
False

11. Variation (answer)
Variation is everywhere. However, repeated measurements on the same individual do not vary; and certainly not everything varies over time.
True
False

12. Data and Analysis
What are the major methods and strategies of data analysis?
exploring data
organizing data
describing data
All of the above.

13. Data and Analysis (answer)
What are the major methods and strategies of data analysis?
exploring data
organizing data
describing data
All of the above.

14. Data and Analysis
Which statement is incorrect with respect to statistical inference?
To describe variation and uncertainty, statistical inference uses the language of probability.
Statistical conclusions usually consist of “Yes” or “No” answers.
Statistical inference involves drawing conclusions about some wider universe.
None of the above.

15. Data and Analysis (answer)
Which statement is incorrect with respect to statistical inference?
To describe variation and uncertainty, statistical inference uses the language of probability.
Statistical conclusions usually consist of “Yes” or “No” answers.
Statistical inference involves drawing conclusions about some wider universe.
None of the above.

16. Data and Analysis
Almost all relationships between two observed characteristics or “variables” are influenced by other factors. To understand the relationship between two variables, often one must look at other variables. Careful statistical studies try to think of and measure possible ______ variables in order to correct for their influence.
dependent
lurking
observational
experimental

17. Data and Analysis (answer)
Almost all relationships between two observed characteristics or “variables” are influenced by other factors. To understand the relationship between two variables, often one must look at other variables. Careful statistical studies try to think of and measure possible ______ variables in order to correct for their influence.
dependent
lurking
observational
experimental

18. Data and Analysis
Statistical conclusions are “on the average” statements only, and even these “on the average” statements have an element of uncertainty.
True
False

19. Data and Analysis (answer)
Statistical conclusions are “on the average” statements only, and even these “on the average” statements have an element of uncertainty.
True
False

20. Four-step Process
How does the four-step process work in order to better understand the data?
We must _____ a problem in its real-world context, _____ our specific statistical work in detail, ______the problem by making the necessary graphs and calculations, and _______by explaining what our findings say about the real-world setting.
solve; state; plan; conclude
state; solve; plan; conclude
state; plan; solve; conclude

21. Four-step Process (answer)
How does the four-step process work in order to better understand the data?
We must _____ a problem in its real-world context, _____ our specific statistical work in detail, ______the problem by making the necessary graphs and calculations, and _______by explaining what our findings say about the real-world setting.
solve; state; plan; conclude
state; solve; plan; conclude
state; plan; solve; conclude