1. Animal Behavior

2. Behavior
= is anything an animal does in response to a stimulus  All behaviors have an adaptive value, meaning they increase the chance of survival

3. Innate Behaviors (aka inherited behaviors)
= behaviors that are genetically programmed
Reflex - a simple automatic response that involves no conscious control
Can be beneficial in the fight or flight response
Is controlled by hormones

4. Innate Behaviors
Instinct - is a complex pattern of behavior (takes more time than reflex)

5. Innate Behaviors
Courtship behavior – carried out before the male and female mate.
Allows for recognition of the same species

6. Innate Behaviors Territoriality - the defense of a physical space
Reduces conflict, competition, and population growth

7. Innate Behaviors
pheromones are used to “mark” a territory

8. Innate Behaviors
Aggressive behavior – is the means by which an animal defends its territory

9. Innate Behaviors
Dominance hierarchy - is a form of social ranking within a group
Forming a hierarchy is innate, but individuals must learn their position

10. Innate Behaviors
Circadian rhythm - behavior based on a 24 hour cycle

11. Innate Behaviors
Migration - behavior that occurs seasonally or yearly, stimulated by changes in day length
Navigation results from the learned behavior of geographical cues

12. Innate Behaviors
Hibernation - reduced metabolism during very cold temperature change

13. Innate Behaviors
Estivation - reduced metabolism during very hot temperature change

14. Learned Behaviors
= behaviors that are modified through practice or experience
Habituation - not responding to a repeated stimulus

15. Learned Behaviors
Imprinting - forming a social attachment during a critical period

16. Learned Behaviors
Operant conditioning (aka trial and error) – learning that results from receiving a reward/punishment for a particular response
This can be related to motivation, an internal need that causes action.

18. Learned Behaviors
Classical conditioning – learning to respond to a stimulus that would not normally produce that response

19. Pavlov’s Dog

20. Learned Behaviors
Insight - learning where an organism uses prior experience in order to respond to a new situation