1. Scientific Revolution
Chapter 22 Sec. 1

2. The Renaissance inspired the scientific revolution
Rebirth of art and learning
Inspired curiosity
Scholars question ideas that had been acceptable for hundreds of years

3. Age of Exploration inspired the scientific revolution
European explored Asia, Africa, and the Americas – lands were inhabited by peoples and animals previously unknown to Europeans
New truths to be found – printing press helped spread challenging ideas
Scientific research for navigating – Astronomy and mathematics

4. Nicolaus Copernicus
Astronomer – Studied planetary movements for more than 25 years.
Reasoned that the earth, planets, and stars revolved around the sun
Theory called: Heliocentric (sun-centered theory)
Published findings in 1543 (last year of his life)
On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies

5. Johannes Kepler Mathematician
Mathematical laws govern planetary motion
Planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits instead of circles
Proved Copernicus’s basic ideas were true

6. Galileo Galilei Italian Astronomer Built own version of the telescope
Starry Messenger – Famous astronomy book
Catholic Church condemned Galileo as a heretic. Sent to face the Pope and the Inquisition.
Faced torture and death. Had to sign a confession that he disagreed with Copernicus’ theory
Never a free man. Lived under house arrest. His ideas still spread throughout Europe.
In 1992 the Catholic Church officially acknowledged that Galileo had been right

7. Isaac Newton Mathematician and Physicist
Law of Motion: every object in the universe attracts every other object. Degree of attraction depends on mass of the objects and there distance.
Published ideas in 1687 The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy

8. Scientific Instruments
Microscope – 1590 (observed bacteria)
Barometer – 1643 ( predicting weather)
Mercury Thermometer

9. Medicine
Andreas Vesalius – dissected human corpses and published observations
Edward Jenner introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox

10. Chemistry
Robert Boyle – matter was made up of smaller particles joined together.
Law’s explain how the volume, temperature, and pressure of gas affect each other.