1. Introduction to Policing The Pillar of Democracy
Second Edition
Chapter One
Introduction
PPTs Prepared By Richard Reyes
Copyright 2018 © Carolina Academic Press
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2017
PowerPoint: Richard Reyes

2. Chapter One Introduction
Chapter Objectives
The relationships and inherent tensions between policing and democracy.
The duties of the police in terms of the expectations of the public and the government.
The discretionary nature of policing.
The attributes that police are expected to have or that they acquire on the job.
How officers effectively and humanely police in the multi-cultural world that we inhabit.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

3. Chapter One Introduction
Majority Rule:
Democracy is a political Government run by the people or their representatives.
The term “Majority Rule” remains a fundamental aspect of a democratic society.
Democracy is often contrasted to authoritarianism or totalitarian regimes.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

4. Chapter One Introduction
The first amendment
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

5. Chapter One Introduction
The Relationship between Democracy and Policing
Crime prevention and public safety (Skolnick, 1999).
Police power should reflect the expression of social consensus (Bratton, 1999).
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

6. Chapter One Introduction
The Relationship between Democracy and Policing
August Vollmer
The citizen expects police officers to have the wisdom of Solomon, the courage of David, the strength of Sampson, the patience of Job, the leadership of Moses, the kindness of the good Samaritan, the strategically training of Alexander, the faith of Daniel, the diplomacy of Lincoln, the tolerance of the Carpenter of Nazareth, and finally, an intimate knowledge of every branch of the natural, biological and social sciences. If he had all these, he might be a good policeman (Bain, 1939).
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

7. Chapter One Introduction
Demands and expectations:
High demands of law enforcement.
Low expectation.
In the 1980’s due to high crime, public supported spending on more cops.
Recently, crime rates are down and public wants lower or equal crime rates.
9/11 further elevated the expectations of law enforcement from the public.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

8. Chapter One Introduction
New Challenges to Effective Law Enforcement
Globalization
Has created a new breed of technologically sophisticated criminal.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

9. Chapter One Introduction
New Challenges to Effective Law Enforcement
Family disintegration
Disintegration of the nuclear family.
Violence on the television and the internet.
Street and prison gangs.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

10. Chapter One Introduction
New Challenges to Effective Law Enforcement
Different “publics” Different perceptions
Economic disparities (Income inequalities).
Poor neighborhoods and wealthier neighborhoods.
Urban, suburban, and rural communities.
Perspectives of white “public” and non-white “public”.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

11. Chapter One Introduction
New Challenges to Effective Law Enforcement
Diminished expectations of Individual Law Enforcement Officers
People expect less of individual Police Officers.
People expect more of their Police Departments.
People understand that police officers are only human.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

12. Chapter One Introduction
New Challenges to Effective Law Enforcement
Use of force in Democracies
Training and educating police officers how to respond to the situations and challenges they face on a daily basis must be congruent with the principles that democratic societies hold as the cherished values.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

13. Chapter One Introduction
Wisdom of Solomon
Decisions made by police have profound implications.
Often affect people’s liberty and personal safety.
Life and Death.
Discretion – “To enforce or not enforce, that is the question.”
Training instills the organizational values.
Ex.:
An organization will always support good decisions.
An organization will usually support an incorrect decision made in good faith.
An Organization will never support a bad decision made in bad faith.
Decisions of the Heart vs. Decisions of the Brain
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

14. Chapter One Introduction
Courage of David and Strength of Samson
Early childhood lessons to avoid danger.
People expect police to run towards danger (Crank, 1998).
Danger is a Central Theme of police work.
Physical training improves strength and endurance.
Training and Repetition keeps skills sharp.
Caution – with confidence comes the risk of that courage may be misplaced.
Training should promote:
Psychological and Physiological effects on an officer.
Information about the community which the officer works.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

15. Chapter One Introduction
Leadership of Moses
Bureaucratic Leadership (Chief’s Police Commissioners).
Exercise of Control (Police Officers).
Leadership training usually for upper and middle management.
Leadership skills for street level police officers.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

16. Chapter One Introduction
Patience of Job and Faith of Daniel
On side of the angels against evil (Fletcher, 1991).
Police Officers were left to handle it alone.
Employee Assistance Programs (EAP’s).
Peer Counseling.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Morning, 2015

17. Chapter One Introduction
Kindness of the Good Samaritan
Courtesy, Professionalism, Respect (CPR)
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

18. Chapter One Introduction
Strategic Training of Alexander
The warrior aspect of law enforcement; outdated notion of law enforcement, based on TV and movies.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

19. Chapter One Introduction
Diplomacy of Lincoln
Police respond when bad things happen (Bittner, 1990).
Training in the diplomatic art of reasoning and persuasion.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

20. Chapter One Introduction
Tolerance of the Carpenter of Nazareth
Diversity.
Tolerance.
Empathy.
Multicultural orientation.
Multi-cultural law enforcement (Schusta et al., 2005).
Understanding Context.
Character.
Policing Different DNA’s.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

21. Chapter One Introduction
Law Enforcement as the New Generalists
Professionals who need to use broad skill set on a daily basis.
While many professions require specialization, law enforcement demands a generalists skill set.
Patrol Officers need to have a broader skill set than detectives.
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

22. Chapter One Introduction
questions / comments
Source: Haberfeld, Lieberman & Horning, 2015

23. The full set of PowerPoint slides is available upon adoption
The full set of PowerPoint slides is available upon adoption. for more information.