1. African
Imperialism

2. Why Africa?

3. Why Africa? New markets Raw materials & resources
Why were European nations so interested in colonizing Africa in the late 1800s?
New markets
Raw materials & resources
Examples: Diamonds & gold

4. Disunity among African tribes
Why Africa?
Why was Africa so easy to colonize during the late 1800s?
Less technology
Disunity among African tribes

8. Adventure Is Out There

9. Europeans In Africa Britain France Germany Italy Belgium Portugal
By 1914
Portugal
Spain

10. Northern Africa: Fought over by the French, British, & Italians
Morocco, Algeria, Libya

11. France was very powerful in North Africa, and later spread into West and Central Africa. The territory France controlled was as large as the United States.
French Territory

12. The Italians crossed the Mediterranean and conquered Libya
The Italians crossed the Mediterranean and conquered Libya. They then took Somaliland in the horn of Africa, but were beaten badly by the Ethiopians.
Italian Territory

13. Liberia and Ethiopia Independent Africans
The Ethiopians kept their freedom through a successful military resistance. Emperor Menelik II modernized the army, along with roads, bridges, and schools.
When the Italians invaded they were defeated so badly by Menelik that no other Europeans tried to take Ethiopia.

14. King Leopold and other wealthy Belgians exploited the riches of the Congo, and brutalized the natives. Many Africans were enslaved, beaten, and killed.
Belgium Territory

15. Scramble for Africa
In the 1870s the Belgians began to trade with Africans in the Congo.
Fearing they would miss out on various raw materials, the other European nations scrambled to establish their presence on the continent.
King Leopold

16. The Boers

17. Southern Africa AFRICA The Boers
In the mid-1600s, Dutch farmers known as Boers settled in southern Africa in Cape Colony. The Boers built Cape Town as a supply station.
In the 1700s, the Dutch herders and ivory hunters began to move north. The British then acquired Cape Colony in the early 1800s.
Boers
Cape Colony
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

18. South Africa The British outlawed slavery in the 1830s
Resulted in the Great Trek
Great Trek:
Boers moved slightly north & established 2 new states
Transvaal & Orange Free State

19. Southern Africa The Anglo-Boer War
In the late 1800s, the discovery of gold and diamonds in the northern Boer territory set off the Anglo-Boer war.
The war was from and involved bitter guerrilla fighting. The British won, but at a great cost.
British
Boers

20. Boers
Boers
British

21. Britain’s claims in Africa were second in size only to France, but included heavily populated areas with greater natural resources.
British Territory
Britain controlled Egypt because of its strategic location.

22. The Zulus

23. Southern Africa The Zulus
Shaka
Zulu
In the early 1800s in southern Africa, an African leader named Shaka conquered and united tribes to form the Zulu nation.
Zulu
Nation
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

24. Southern Africa The Zulus
The Zulus were skilled and organized fighters. Shaka used his power and fought against European slave traders and ivory hunters.

25. Southern Africa The Zulus
The Zulus also fought the Boers as they migrated north from Cape Colony.
Zulu
Nation
Boers
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

27. Southern Africa AFRICA European Territory
In 1910, with southern Africa secure, the British established the Republic of South Africa and instituted apartheid.
Apartheid – government policy calling for separation of the races.
South
Africa
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

28. Ethiopia
Menelik

29. Liberia

30. Liberia and Ethiopia Independent Africans
After the slave trade was outlawed, abolitionists in the United States promoted the idea of returning freed slaves to Africa.
In the early 1800s, President Monroe helped free slaves settle in Liberia. The former slaves named the capital city Monrovia in his honor.
President
Monroe

31. The newly formed German empire had to fight many battles against African natives to take lands in the southern half of Africa.
German Territory
Germany would lose its colonial territories after its loss in World War I.

32. Although the leaders of the old imperialism, the African claims of the Portuguese and Spanish were minimal.
Portuguese Territory
Spanish Territory