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The Crusades World History Mr Pack
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Events leading to Crusades
Battle of Tours- Christians defeat encroaching Muslim army in France in 732. Christians led by Charles Martel Result- halted Muslim spread into Europe, limited to modern day Spain
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http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Age_of_Caliphs
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Events leading to Crusades
In year 800 Pope crowns Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor reviving ideal of a united Christian community (Christendom). In 1054, Great Schism occurred- Constantinople in the East (do not recognize pope’s authority) Byzantine Empire Rome in the West
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Knights- nobles trained as warriors
Chivalry- code of conduct for knights, stressing bravery, loyalty, and protecting the weak. Papal Supremacy- Pope is supreme, European monarchs must follow pope.
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Crusades Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantine forces- take over Jerusalem in 1071….prevent Christian pilgrimages. Byzantine Emperor appeals to Pope, they unify to reclaim the Holy land (Jerusalem)
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Crusades Appeal for knights- Religious fervor, remission of sins
Wealth and land Sense of adventure Pope- increase power in Europe, possibly heal schism between east and west
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Crusades First Crusade successful- capture Jerusalem (1099), massacre Jewish and Muslim residents In 1187, Jerusalem falls to Muslim forces of Saladin. King Richard the Lionhearted of England conquers his way to Jerusalem, make a treaty with Saladin; Christian merchants and unarmed pilgrims would be allowed to enter Jerusalem.
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Crusades Failure Reasons- supply problems Occupying force needed
Funding issues Disease Poor planning
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