1. Cell Discovery and Theory
Chapter 7-1

2. I. Discovery
Mid 1600’s

3. A. Robert Hooke (1665) Looked at cork and saw tiny little boxes
Reminded him of rooms in a monastery
Called the “little rooms” CELLS

4. B. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1674)
First person to use microscope to identify LIVING things
Reminded him of “little animals”
Named them animalcules

5. C. Matthias Schleiden (1838)
Botanist
Concluded all plants are made of cells

6. D. Theodor Schwann (1839) Zoologist
Concluded all animals are made of cells

7. E. Rudolph Virchow (1855) Virologist
Concluded that CELLS COME FROM PRE-EXISTING CELLS

8. F. Cell Theory Based on findings from 5 scientists
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
New cells are produced from pre-existing cells

9. II. All cells have
Cell membranes
Genetic Info (DNA/Chromosomes)

10. III. Two Category of cells- Depending on if they have a nucleus
Eukaryotic cells - contain nucleus
Prokaryotic Cells- Do NOT contain nucleus

11. A. Prokaryotic Cells (Bacteria)
Smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells
DNA not inside a nucleus-instead floats in cytoplasm
2 of 6 KINGDOMS are prokaryotic
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.

12. B. Eukaryotic Cells (everything except bacteria)
Larger and more complex
DNA inside nucleus
4 of 6 KINGDOMS are eukaryotic
Plant, animal, fungi and protist

13. Organelles
“Tiny Organs”
Ch. 7-2

14. Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance throughout cells. Contains organelles.
Chemical reactions take place here.

15. Nucleus Largest organelle in eukaryotic cells Contains DNA
Controls all cell’s activities

16. Nucleoplasm Jelly-like substande inside nucleus
Similar to cytoplasm of cell
Surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus
NUCLEOPLASM
nucleolus
Nuclear
envelope
Nuclear
pores

17. Nuclear Membrane (Nuclear Envelope)
Surrounds the nucleus
Controls what gets in/out
Allows things in and out through Nuclear Pores
NUCLEAR
MEMBRANE
NUCLEAR PORES

18. Genetic Material Made of DNA Has directions for making proteins.
Eukaryotic cell- in nucleus
Prokaryotic cell- in cytoplasm
chromatin
chromosome

19. Nucleolus
Circular structure inside nucleus
Makes ribosomes
nucleolus

20. Ribosomes Makes proteins according to instructions from DNA Found
Free in cytoplasm
Attached to Rough ER
Attached to nuclear envelope
ribosomes

21. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Usually attached to nuclear envelope
Ribosomes attached to it.
Transports proteins made by ribosomes
Rough ER-
ribosomes attached
Smooth ER-no ribosomes attached

22. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Network of membranes.
Manufactures and transports Lipids.
Smooth ER-
NO ribosomes attached

23. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Bodies)
Network of membranes
Packages and ships proteins

24. Lysosomes Contains enzymes to breakdown unneeded things in cell.
“Suicide sacs”-recycles waste.

25. Vacuoles Plants a. Stores water. b. Very large Animals
a. Stores carbs., lipids, & proteins
b. Small

26. Mitiochondria
Makes energy for cell by breaking down glucose. (Cell respiration processes occur both inside and around the Mitochondria.)
Bean shaped with many membranes called cristae.
Very abundant in muscle cells.

27. Chloroplast Where Photosynthesis takes place. Makes glucose
Green bean shaped
Contains green
pigment chlorophyll

28. Cytoskeleton Mesh like material throughout cytoplasm. Supports cell.
Scaffolding made of microfilaments and microtubules.

29. Centrioles Aides in cell division (mitosis) 2 in each cell
Composed of microtubules & microfilaments.

30. Cell Membrane Surrounds cell Regulates what comes in and out of cell.
Made of lipids and protein.
CELL MEMBRANE

31. Cell Wall Tough outer covering. Outside of cell membrane
Supports and protects cell.

32. Cillia
Used for movement
Hair-like
Ex: trachea

33. Flagella
Used for movement
Whiplike
Ex: Sperm

34. Cell Membrane
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Nucleus
Golgi Body
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Lysosome