1. The Role of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disturbances in Cancers of the Colon, Prostate, and Pancreas 
Edward Giovannucci, Dominique Michaud 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 132, Issue 6, Pages (May 2007)
DOI: /j.gastro
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2. Figure 1
A model whereby nutritional factors affect colon cancer risk through an influence on the insulin and IGF-I axis. In this model, factors related to energy balance and diet influence growth hormone secretion, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion dependent on competent pancreatic β cells. Either an increase in IGF-I, or the IGF-I/IGFBP-III ratio, or insulin that decreases IGFBP-I and IGFBP-II could alter the levels of free or bioactive IGF-I, a stimulant of tumor growth.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Colon cancer risk by level of IGF-I/IGFBP-III and IGFBP-I. In the Nurses’ Health Study,38 risk of colon cancer increased with higher levels of IGF-I/IGFBP-III ratio, or with decreasing IGFBP-I, which is largely determined by hyperinsulinemia.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Multivariate RR of metastatic or fatal prostate cancer by energy intake and BMI. In the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study,94 highest risk of metastatic or fatal prostate cancer was observed in men with high energy intakes but low BMI, intermediate risk level was associated with higher BMI, and lowest risk was observed in men with low energy intakes and low BMI.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Summary of association between obesity and pancreatic cancer in cohort studies. Cohort studies were not included in this Figure if the top BMI category did not consist of exclusively obese individuals (ie, BMI ≥30). Three studies (Moller, Wolk, Samanic) were cohorts of clinically obese (compared with the general population). Remaining studies were prospective cohort studies. Cut points for Calle were higher than other studies (BMI ≥ 35 for men and BMI ≥ 40 for women).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Proposed model of mechanisms through which diabetes can increase risk of pancreatic cancer (See text for details.)
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

7. Edward Giovannucci, MD
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions