1. Chapter 4
Page 72-78
Africans in America
Southern Society
The New England Family

2. Africans in America

3. Slave life in the Deep South was very tough, as rice growing was much harder than tobacco growing.
Many blacks in America evolved their own languages, blending their native tongues with English.
Blacks also contributed to music with instruments like the banjo and bongo drum, all of which directly contributed to the evolution of jazz as perhaps the first truly original American music.

4. A few of the slaves became skilled artisans (i. e
A few of the slaves became skilled artisans (i.e. carpenters, bricklayers and tanners), but most were relegated to sweaty work like clearing swamps and grubbing out trees.

5. Revolts did occur.
In 1712, a slave revolt in New York City cost the lives of a dozen whites and 21 Blacks were executed.
In 1739, South Carolina blacks along the Stono River revolted and tried to march to Spanish Florida, but failed.

6. Southern Society
Just before the Revolutionary War, 70% of the leaders of the Virginia legislature came from families established in Virginia before 1690.
Social Scale-
Great Planters-owned gangs of slaves and vast domains of land; ruled the region's economy and monopolized political power.
Landowning Small Farmers-largest social group of the colonial American South; tilled their own modest plots and may have owned one or two slaves.
Landless Whites-many were former indentured servants.
Black Slaves
Urban development in the colonial South was slow to emerge.

7. The New England Family
In contrast with the Chesapeake, the New Englanders tended to migrate in families as opposed to single individuals, thus the New England family was very stable institution.
There were low premarital pregnancy rates, in contrast with the Chesapeake
Because southern men frequently died young, leaving widows with small children to support, the southern colonies generally allowed married women to retain separate title to their property and gave widows the right to inherit their husband's estates. 

8. But in New England, Puritan lawmakers worried that recognizing women's separate property rights would undercut the unity of married persons by acknowledging conflicting interests between husband and wife.  When a man died, the Church inherited the property, not the wife.
New England women usually gave up their property rights when they married.  In contrast to old England, the laws of New England made secure provisions for the property of widows and even extended important protections to women with marriage.
Above all, the laws of Puritan New England sought to defend the integrity of marriages.