1. Brethren Christian High School Ms. Whipple
Biology
Brethren Christian High School
Ms. Whipple

2. Unit 1: God’s Truth & Science
What is Truth?
Revealed Truth: those truths God has revealed in the Bible. The Bible is a direct revelation from God and requires no additional proof in order to be truth.
Unrevealed Truth: those truths, the natural laws, that God established but did not reveal in Scripture. I.e. Gravity, magnetism, etc.
Fallacy: (a) that which contradicts God’s revealed truth in the Bible (b) or that which is contradicted by scientific evidence

3. Unit 1: God’s Truth and Science
Truth by Definition
That which is true because man has
defined it, as in math or English. For
example, humans developed language so
they can define the meaning behind words.
Unrevealed Truth
Theory: that which is thought to be true by repeated experimentation but is not revealed truth. i.e. gravity, photosynthesis, etc.
God’s truths’ in scripture are usually about spiritual matters: God Himself, the sinful nature of man, plan of redemption, etc. God has given men senses and minds to observe and understand the physical truths about nature.
Realm of Science: man’s observations of the physical world based on his senses.

4. Unit 1 : God’s Truth and Science
“No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right; a single experiment can prove me wrong.”
-Albert Einstein

5. Unit 1 : The Limits of Science
Science deals with observable PHYSICAL phenomena
No experiment can be completely controlled
Observations may faulty. The senses may betray you!!
No values or morals.
Cannot establish truth. Theories are considered workable if they can be applied to other circumstances.
Science does not deal with spiritual matters.
Bias: what a person believes
Even though the scientific method is set up to remove bias, often scientist will interpret or emphasize results that support his/her bias.
This is especially true during analyzing and making a conclusion. Peer review assists in removing this bias.

6. Unit 1 : Science and the Christian
Science is used to help us with God’s command have dominion over the earth in Gen. 1:28
Second to the Bible it is our principal source or knowledge of the physical universe.
Improper Christian attitude to Science:
Science is anti-God. Science does not deal with the spiritual so therefore can make no statement about God.
Science has all the answers. Science is a tool for understanding and learning about our physical environment only.
Science is bad. Science does not make moral judgments, how data is used can be good or evil but that is not for science to decide.

7. Unit 1: Science and the Christian
Proper Christian Attitude towards Science
Science is a tool and aid to honoring God on this earth
Aids in Worship! Science can be used to better understand God’s creation and creates a sense of awe!

8. Unit 1 : The Scientific Method
A logical procedure for choosing an answer to a question
Steps of Scientific Method
Define the problem. ex. Does a fern grow better in dim light or bright light?
Do preliminary research. Research the specific branch of science to learn more about your problem.
Form a hypothesis (an educated guess that attempts to answer the problem)
Test the Hypothesis MANY TIMES!!! This is done with a experiment or a survey. A survey is used when the problem exists with common practice.
Analyze data and make a conclusion

10. Unit 1 : The Scientific Method
Controlled Experiment
Two Groups: a control group and the experimental group
Independent Variable: the difference between the two groups. Generally, only one factor.
Dependent Variable: a factor in both control and experimental groups. Is dependent on the independent variable
Control Group: Group NOT exposed to independent variable.
Experimental Group: Group exposed to independent variable.

11. Unit 1 : The Scientific Method
Example Controlled Experiment
Problem: Do roses grow better when given water with dilute hydrochloric acid (1M)?
Hypothesis: If roses are given water with dilute hydrochloric acid (1M), then their growth will be stunted.
Data:
Conclusion: My hypothesis was correct. Dilute HCL (1M) stunts the growth almost completely in roses when given with daily water.
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Water Only Group Growth
1cm
.75cm
1.1cm
1.5cm
Water + HCL Group Growth
.5cm
.25cm
0cm

12. Unit 1 : The Scientific Method
Control Group?
Roses NOT given dilute HCL
Experimental Group?
Roses given dilute HCL
Independent Variable?
Dilute HCL (1M)
Dependent Variable?
Rose growth

13. Unit 1: The Attributes of Life
Characteristics of Living Things
Things with ALL these attributes are alive
Movement: either with locomotion (moving from one place to another) or internal movement
Growth by assimilation: assembling parts to make living material. Growth is done BY organism, not TO organism.
Reproduction: making another organism with characteristics and limitations similar to original.
Chemical Makeup: all living things have the same basic elements and are called organic (things that are not alive and never have been, like steel or water, are call inorganic)

14. Unit 1: The Attributes of Life
Cont. of Characteristics of Living Things
Composed of Cells
Exhibits Irritability: responds to stimuli (light, temperature, chemicals, etc)
Requires energy
High Level of Organization
Death
Life: highly organized cellular condition that is derived from pre-existing life, requires energy, grows, moves, reproduces, responds, and dies.

15. Unit 1: The Study of Life Tools for Studying Life The Microscope!
Was first invented in the first century A.D. by filling glass balls with water.
Glass Lenses were introduced in the Middle Ages. Microscopes with 1 lens are called simple microscopes and microscopes with more lenses are called compound microscopes.
The first compound microscopes needed so much space between lenses that they were often over 2 ft. long!
Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Dutch merchant in the early 1600s. He made over 200 different simple microscopes (some of his lenses were only the size of a pin!)

16. Unit 1: The Study of Life

17. Unit 1: The Study of Life The Compound Light Microscope
Most commonly used microscope
Has two sets of lenses: one set to magnify object and one set to enlarge the image.
Specimens are observed using glass slides that are colored with different stains

18. Unit 1: The Study of Life Let’s Use Our Compound Light Microscopes!!!
To carry the microscope grasp the microscopes arm with one hand. Place your other hand under the base.
Place the microscope on a table with the arm toward you.
Turn the coarse adjustment knob to raise the body tube.
Revolve the nosepiece until the low-power objective lens clicks into place.
Adjust the diaphragm. While looking through the eyepiece, also adjust the mirror until you see a bright white circle of light.
Place a slide on the stage. Center the specimen over the opening on the stage. Use the stage clips to hold the slide in place.
Look at the stage from the side. Carefully turn the coarse adjustment knob to lower the body tube until the low power objective almost touches the slide.
Looking through the eyepiece, VERY SLOWLY turn the coarse adjustment knob until the specimen comes into focus.

19. Unit 1: The Study of Life The Electron Microscope
Uses beams of electrons instead of beams of light
Two Basic Types:
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): Passes electrons through a specimen to produce an image. Specimen must be very thin.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): Specimen is coated with electron dense substance and electrons move back and forth over it (scanning). The electrons are bounced off back to a detector and screen.