1. The Scientific Method
Section 2.1

2. Introduction
Most scientific discoveries result from planned investigations
Researchers use the scientific method, or some form of it, to carry out investigations

3. The Scientific Method
A logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data

4. Vocabulary Observe: to use your senses to obtain information
Qualitative data: data that is descriptive in nature
Quantitative data: data that involves numbers (measurements)

6. More Vocabulary
System: a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation
Hypothesis: a testable statement
Model: in science, often an explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related

7. One More
Theory: a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena

8. Observing and Collecting Data
A procedure is followed under controlled conditions to make valid observations and collect data
Data is frequently displayed in a graphical way to show relationships
Graph on the next slide shows the relationship between reactants and products as the reaction proceeds

10. Steps in the Scientific Method
Observing
Formulating hypotheses
Testing
Theorizing
Publish results

11. Observing
Collecting data
Measuring
Experimenting
Communicating

12. Formulating Hypotheses
Organizing and analyzing data
Classifying
Inferring
Predicting
Communicating

13. Form of a Hypothesis

14. Testing Predicting Experimenting Communicating Collecting data
Measuring
If data do not support hypothesis, revise or reject the hypothesis

16. Theorizing
Constructing models
Predicting
Communicating

17. Publish Results Communicating
If the results are confirmed by other scientists, the theory is validated

18. Check for Understanding
Get a book from the bookshelf
Answer the section review questions at the end of section 2.1