1. Cell Energy

2. Cell Energy The ultimate source of energy for all life is the sun.
Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own food
ex. plants, algae, cyanobacteria

3. Cell Energy
Heterotrophs are organisms that have to consume food to get energy
ex. animals, fungi

4. ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
ATP is the form of energy used by cells
3 parts:
adenine
ribose sugar
three phosphate groups

5. ATP
Energy is stored in the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group. What molecule is made when the energy is released from the ATP? ADP

6. Photosynthesis

7. carbon dioxide + water + light  glucose + oxygen
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide + water + light  glucose + oxygen
What kind of organisms carry out photosynthesis?
autotrophs

8. Photosynthesis
Autotrophs have pigments – molecules that trap specific wavelengths of light Examples: Chlorophyll Carotene Xanthophyll

9. Photosynthesis
Where in the cell does photosynthesis take place? Chloroplast

10. Light Reactions (light-dependent reactions)
Where does it happen?
thylakoid membrane
What goes in?
light & water
What comes out?
oxygen, ATP, electron carriers

11. Calvin Cycle (light-independent or dark reactions)
Where does it happen?
stroma
What goes in?
CO2, ATP, electron carrier
What comes out?
glucose sugar

13. Cell Respiration

14. oxygen + glucose  carbon dioxide + water + ATP
Cellular Respiration
6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
oxygen + glucose  carbon dioxide + water + ATP
This is an aerobic process which means
it requires oxygen

15. 3 stages of aerobic respiration
Step 1: Glycolysis
Starts with
glucose
Produces
ATP, electron carrier, & pyruvate
Occurs in
cytoplasm

16. 3 stages of aerobic respiration
Step 2: Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)
Starts with
pyruvate (changed to acetyl-CoA)
Produces
CO2 , ATP, & electron carriers

17. 3 stages of aerobic respiration
Krebs cycle cont.
Occurs in
matrix of the mitochondria

18. 3 stages of aerobic respiration
Step 3: Electron Transport Chain
Starts with
electron carriers & oxygen

19. 3 stages of aerobic respiration
Produces
water & ATP
Occurs on
inner membrane

20. 3 stages of aerobic respiration

21. Fermentation This happens when NO oxygen is present.
This is anaerobic, meaning . . .
no oxygen is required

22. Alcoholic Fermentation
Occurs in
cytoplasm of bacteria & yeast
Starts with
pyruvate (from glycolysis)
Produces
ethyl alcohol & carbon dioxide
Uses:
makes alcohol & bread

23. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in
cytoplasm of muscle cells & bacteria
Starts with
pyruvate (from glycolysis)
Produces
lactic acid

24. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Causes . . .
burning sensation after vigorous exercise
Uses:
makes sauerkraut & yogurt