1. Chapter 4
CHM 341
Fall 2016

2. II. Energy & Metabolism
Activities of organisms constantly demand energy
Study of energy = thermodynamics

3. A. 1st Law Energy is conserved and cannot be created or destroyed
Universe is made of 2 parts

4. B. 2nd Law Entropy tends to increase
Spontaneous processes are characterized by conversion of order to disorder

5. C. 3rd Law and Gibbs Free Energy
Entropy of perfect crystal is zero at 0K
For spontaneous process
DH <0
DS >0
DG < 0 (free energy must be negative)

6. 2. Why is life thermodynamically possible?
Must be thermodynamically spontaneous
Many cells have DG > 0 when tested alone, but are spontaneous in the body – how is that possible?

7. D. Equilibrium equation
Relating Gibb’s Free energy to equilibrium