1. BIOCHEMISTRY Chemistry of life
Chemistry important to understand biological functions

2. Some Vocab Matter- occupies space, has mass
Element- pure substance- can’t be broken down into anything else-1 kind of atom
Compound- 2 or more elements chemically bonded

3. Important Elements 96% of body is made of 4 elements
Nitrogen (N)
Carbon (C)
Oxygen (O)
Hydrogen(H)
Other 4% made of Ca, P, K, S, Mg + trace elements
Needed in tiny amounts- Fe, Se, I

4. Chemistry Review Atoms # Protons= Atomic #
Neutrons (neutral)
Electrons (-)
# Protons= Atomic #
Protons + Neutrons= Atomic Mass (nucleus)-
Atoms can have different masses = ISOTOPES

5. Electrons- outside nucleus- in orbitals(energy levels)
Responsible for bonding
Atoms can gain or lose 1 or more electrons= IONS

6. Chemical Bonds Why do atoms bond?
To fill outermost energy level (stability)
Atoms can transfer electrons to another atom- IONIC BOND
OR…
Atoms can share electrons- COVALENT BOND (most bonds in living organisms)
Hydrogen bonds- we’ll discuss later

7. Modeling Bonds
Usually a dash is used to represent a bond between 2 atoms (see board)
This bond is 1 pair of electrons being shared
If two pairs are shared use 2 dashes
If 3 pairs are shared- use 3 dashes

8. Draw these molecules
Examples NH3 CH4 CO2

9. Types of compounds Inorganic- contain no carbon-carbon bonds
1. Carbon dioxide
-used as a source of carbon in photosynthesis to fix energy into sugars
-by-product of animal respiration and some natural processes
2. Minerals
-many are “coenzymes”- help reactions happen
-needed in varying amounts to build complex compounds for life

10. 3. Water -most important inorganic compound for living organisms
-composes 65-95% of all living organisms
-provides environments for many organisms
-has good heat absorbing and releasing capabilities
-”Polar molecule”

11. Organic Compounds A. Are molecules containing carbon- carbon bonds
B. Carbon forms the structural backbone of all major life sustaining compounds
C. Carbon can bond with up to 4 atoms at one time

12. D. Can bond with other carbons to form long chains or rings.
E. Four major groups
1. CARBOHYDRATES
2. LIPIDS
3. PROTEINS (ENZYMES)
4. NUCLEIC ACIDS

14. #1
What 3 subatomic particles compose an atom?

15. #2
Name 2 types of chemical bonds.

16. #3
What are pure substances called that cannot be broken down into any other kinds of atoms?

17. #4
Atomic # tells the number of ________ in an atom.

18. #5
What subatomic particles are responsible for chemical bonds?