1. Ionic Bonds

2. How Bonds Form - Ionic
Electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal.
- metals form cations (+)
(gives away electrons)
- non-metals form anions (–) (steals electrons)
Ex: NaCl, CaI2, Fe2O3

4. Ionic Properties – Think SALT!!
ALWAYS crystalline solid at room temperature
VERY HIGH melting points and boiling points
Hard and brittle
Conducts electricity when melted or dissolved in water (ions – aqueous solution)
Usually very soluble in water (dissolves)

5. Ionic - Lewis Dot Structures
Octet Rule: All atoms will form bonds in order to have full (8) valence electrons.
Draw a separate Lewis Dot structure for each element.
Draw arrows to show transfer of electrons.
If needed, add more atoms for transferring.
Used 1 Na+1 ion and 1 Cl-1 ion, so formula is NaCl.
Ex. Na and Cl
Ex. Ca and F
Used 1 Ca+2 ion and 2 F-1 ions, so formula is CaF2.
Example: Magnesium and Nitrogen

6. Naming Write the name of the metal. (LEAVE SPACE HERE!)
Change the ending of the nonmetal to –ide.
Ex 1. NaCl = Sodium chlorine
= Sodium chloride
Ex 2. Li2O = Lithium oxygen
= Lithium oxide
Ex 3. Mg3N2 = Magnesium nitrogen
= Magnesium nitride

7. Writing Chemical Formulas
1. Write the oxidation # (charge) of each ion above symbol.
2. If the charges cancel out, only 1 of each ion is needed.
3. If the charges for each atom do NOT cancel out, use the criss cross method to determine subscripts.
4. Write the formula using ONLY symbols and subscripts.
Ex. Potassium phosphide
K P-3
K3P

8. Writing Chemical Formulas (examples)
Ex 1. Calcium sulfide
Ca S-2
CaS
Ex 2. Iron (IV) nitride
Fe N-3
Fe3N4

9. Naming Write the name of the metal.
Use Roman numerals for transition metals to identify the charge.
Check the charge of the nonmetal to help determine the transition metals charge.
Change the ending of the nonmetal to –ide.
Ex 4. Cr2S3 = Chromium sulfur
= Chromium III sulfide
Ex 5. CuO = Copper oxygen
= Copper II oxide
Ex 6. Cu2O = Copper oxygen
= Copper I oxide

10. Naming (with polyatomic ions)
Write the name of the metal.
Use Roman numerals for transition metals to identify the charge.
Check the charge of the nonmetal to help determine the transition metals charge.
OR ammonium
Change the ending of the nonmetal to –ide.
OR name of polyatomic ion (do not change ending!)

11. Naming (examples) Ex 7. NH4Br = Ex 8. K2CO3 = Ex 9. Ca(NO3)2 =
Ex 10. Fe3(PO4)2 =
ammonium bromide
potassium carbonate
calcium nitrate -3 +2
iron II phosphate

12. Writing Chemical Formulas (examples)
Ex 3. Sodium phosphate
Na (PO4)-3
Na3PO4
Ex 4. Calcium nitrite
Ca (NO2)-1
Ca(NO2)2