1. The President and Executive Branch
Chapter 7
The President and Executive Branch

2. Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy is a nation’s overall plan for dealing with other nations
National Security means the ability to keep the country safe from attack or harm
National Security is the basic goal of American foreign policy
Textbook p. 175

3. 4 Foreign Policy Goals National Security! Increase International Trade
Promote World Peace
Promote Democracy around the World
Textbook p. 175

4. 5 Foreign Policy Tools Create Treaties Appoint Ambassadors
Direct Foreign Aid
International Trade
Use of Military Force
*** The use of military force should be the last resort in the foreign policy process.
Textbook pp

5. Treaties
Defined: formal agreements between the governments of two or more countries
Senate must approve a treaty by a 2/3 vote
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization was a key treaty established after WWII

6. Ambassadors Defined: an official representative of a government
President appoints ambassadors that must be approved by the Senate
Ambassadors can be withheld from countries to apply political pressure
US Ambassador to the United Nations

7. Foreign Aid
Defined: money, food, military assistance, or other supplies given to help other countries
On October 8, 2005, a 7.6 magnitude earthquake rocked the Kashmir section of Pakistan.
Over 80,000 people died, and 3.3 million people were left homeless.
The United States gave millions of dollars in aid plus deployed medical soldiers to aid in the relief operations.
Textbook p. 177

8. International Trade 2 Ways to Punish Other Countries or Apply Political Pressure using Trade
Trade Sanctions ~ efforts to punish another nation by imposing trade barriers
Embargo ~ an agreement among a group of nations that prohibits them all from trading with a target nation
Textbook p. 177

9. Military Force
Often the use of the military is considered the last option in the foreign policy process
Textbook p. 178

10. 2LT Tallon on .50 Cal MG

11. 2LT Tallon with Interpreter and local Iraqi Children

12. Sunset over the Iraqi Desert

13. Does the President do it all by himself?
NO! He/She has two groups of assistants:
The EOP
The Cabinet

14. Are You Down with EOP? …Yeah, You Know Me
EOP – Executive Office of the President
Currently 2,000 employees with a budget of $100 million per year help the President
In addition to being his brother, Robert Kennedy served as one of John F. Kennedy’s closest advisors.
Textbook pp

15. Most powerful and critical office in the EOP for the President
Most powerful and critical office in the EOP for the President. This White House Office contains the President’s top advisors. The Chief of Staff is the most powerful.

16. President Trump with his National Security Council in 2017)

17. Office of Homeland Security
Following the attacks on September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush established the Office of Homeland Security to combat terrorism
Here President Trump is with his Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen
Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff

18. Cabinet
Defined ~ a group of presidential advisers that includes the heads of the 15 top-level executive departments
The Cabinet concept started under George Washington with the Attorney General, Secretaries of State, War, and the Treasury
Cabinet heads must be approved by the Senate
Textbook p. 181

20. President John F. Kennedy gets some help from his youngest Cabinet member, John F. Kennedy, Jr.

21. 14 Cabinet Departments + 1(HS)
Textbook p. 183

22. The Federal Bureaucracy
Defined ~ the agencies and employees of the executive branch
The Federal Bureaucracy does 3 main things:
Applies laws passed by Congress to daily life
Run day-to-day operations of the government
Regulate activities such as broadcasting, banks, airlines, labor unions, nuclear power, and many more

23. Government Corporations
The government owns and runs these corporations like private businesses
The US Post Office is the most famous of the Government Corporations

24. Government Employees Two main systems for hiring government employees:
Merit System ~ Officials hire people who have passed tests and met other eligibility requirements (Preferred modern method)
Spoils System ~ Jobs went to the people that helped get the President or party leaders elected (Regulations against this now exist)
Textbook p. 185