1. Tucson Phenology Monitoring Project Introduction to Phenology Pima Master Gardeners and USA-NPN

2. Opening Activity 1.Using the card you have been given, find others in the group with the same SPECIES NAME. 2.Once you are in a group of 3 or 4, discuss what you know about the life cycles listed on the cards. 3.Share your answers with the class.

3. Phenology Observation Program Overview Intro to Phenology USA National Phenology Network Research and Education Site-based Programs Using Natures Notebook USA-NPN and Master Gardeners

4. Phenology Observation Do you keep a journal? What do you notice about the seasons, here versus another part of the country? What is different about this year?

5. Phenology is: Phenology refers to recurring plant and animal life cycle stages, or phenophases, such as leafing and flowering, maturation of agricultural plants, emergence of insects, and migration of birds. Intro to Phenology Phenology, in short, is a horizontal science which transects all ordinary biological professions. Whoever sees the land as a whole is likely to have an interest in it. Leopold, A., and S.E. Jones. 1947. A phenological record for Sauk and Dane Counties, Wisconsin, 1935-1945. Ecological Monographs 17(1):81-122.

6. Intro to Phenology What is phenology? Natures calendar Blooms and buds Hibernation, migration emergence Easy to observe from leaf to globe Why does it matter? Growth rate and range Animal – plant – climate relationships Management strategies Leading indicator of climate change impacts

7. Applications of Phenology Data Resource management Conservation Agriculture Ecosystem services Science Health Decision-support tools Value of phenology Phenology data helps us understand how plants, animals and landscapes respond to environmental variation and climate change.

8. Intro to Phenology Observation Who observes phenology? Famous historical figures Historical data sets Gardeners Youth Scientists How can our community be involved? Science and climate literacy Outdoor experiences Participate in scientific process

9. Intro to Phenology Phenology and Climate Change Research, spring timing and range Types of observed shifts Timing of migratory bird arrivals (Root et al. 2003, Gordo 2007) Timing of animal emergence (Inouye et al. 2000, Parmesan et al. 2003) Timing of egg laying (Brown et al. 1999) Changing Migration Patterns 1977: 3,000 Brant overwintered in Alaska Today: 40,000 overwinter (Ward et al. 2009)

10. Intro to Phenology Phenology and Climate Change Research, spring timing and range Photo by Scot Miller 43 species at Walden Pond bloom 7 days earlier than in Thoreaus time Blueberries flower 21 days earlier 27% of the species are no longer there Importance of legacy datasets (Primack and Rushing, 2012) S PECIES AND E COSYSTEMS INFLUENCED BY GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

11. Intro to Phenology Phenology and Climate Change Research, spring timing and range A three- way mismatch English Oak Winter Moth Pied Flycatcher Both et al. 2006 Nature EARLIER SAME TIME EACH YEAR EARLIER

12. Intro to Phenology Research needs Long-term, accessible data set Interactive tools for visualization Plant and animal species data for multiple locations Focal species Results Better understanding of changes Analysis of impacts Communication

13. Phenology Observation Program Overview Intro to Phenology USA National Phenology Network Research and Education Site-based Programs Using Natures Notebook USA-NPN and Master Gardeners

14. A NATIONAL NETWORK OF INTEGRATED PHENOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ACROSS SPACE AND TIME. Primary goal To encourage observation of phenological events and understand how plants, animals and landscapes respond to environmental variation and climate change. Mission Make phenology data, models and related information available to scientists, resource managers and the public. Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology. USA National Phenology Network

15. Network Tools Standard methods for data collection Basic and applied research Decision-support tools Education and outreach Natures Notebook Legacy Datasets Citizen Science Project USA National Phenology Network

16. USA-National Phenology Network Citizen Science Info What Is Citizen Science? Engages volunteers Expands ability of scientists Teaches scientific methods Public and professional scientists Research teams Educate and generate data www.birds.cornell.edu/citsci/about www.CitSci.org www.scistarter.org

17. USA National Phenology Network Public Participation in Scientific Research (PPSR) From Cornell Lab of Ornithology Citizen science, volunteer monitoring and other forms of organized research projects in which members of the public engage are included in the field Meet science & research goals Invasive plants, birds, bees/pollinators, earthquakes, infectious disease, astronomy, weather, wildlife, acid rain, oil spills, wildlife, rainfall, archaeology, pollution, old weather

18. USA-National Phenology Network www.usanpn.org

19. A Multi-taxa, National-scale Phenology System Whats Natures Notebook? A national plant and animal phenology observation program. Thousands of passionate citizen scientists across the US share their observations with researchers, resource managers and others who use this information to understand our changing planet, make scientific discoveries, and create new tools.

20. USA National Phenology Network Online monitoring system 311 vetted plant species 160 vetted animal species Core protocols Abundance & intensity reporting Metadata & QA/QC methods Dynamic data visualizations Possible species additions by request

21. USA National Phenology Network 311 plant species and 160 animal species 3160 observers at 4412 sites observing 5459 individual organisms

22. USA National Phenology Network Phenology Monitoring Methods EventDate First arrival5-Apr First egg22-Apr Event Monitoring Captures First instance of phenological event Phenology of species with predictable series of events Does not capture Sampling Frequency Estimated error in event date Unusual events Repeat events Duration of phenological stages

23. USA National Phenology Network Phenology Monitoring Methods Abundance and Intensity Captures Sampling frequency Error around date estimate Absence Unusual events Multiple occurrences of a phenophase in one year Phenophase duration Do you see…29-Mar5-Apr11-Apr17-Apr22-Apr28-Apr5-May15-May Adults present? NYYYYYYY Nest with eggs? ?NNYYNNY

24. USA National Phenology Network Event ActivityReproductionDevelopment Day of year Phenology Monitoring Methods Status & Abundance Status

25. USA National Phenology Network Engage observers with Natures Notebook and data collection through providing directed scientific outdoor experiences. 1.Science and Climate Literacy 2.Science-Nature-Self Relationships 3.The Integration of Science and Education USA-NPN Education Program Goals

26. USA National Phenology Network USA-NPN Education Program Connect people to nature - Nature Deficit Disorder Agency engagement programs Formal/informal education Climate and science literacy Move beyond 'gloom and doom' of climate change

27. Nature Journal Activity Nature Journals Include basic information: date, time, weather, species Text or sketches Topography, layout, land alteration Science, reference later Phenology journals can be seasonal observations or just dates on a calendar

28. USA National Phenology Network Take a Rest!! 15 minute break

29. Phenology Observation Program Overview Intro to Phenology USA National Phenology Network Research and Education Site-based Programs Using Natures Notebook USA-NPN and Master Gardeners

30. Research and Education Recent and unusual rise in global temperature Understand plant & animal response Record early/late spring & fall events Ecosystem shift Multiple and long-term observations

31. Research and Education Combined Techniques Satellite/Remote Sensing Photographs Hand-recorded data

32. Research and Education Data visualization

33. Research and Education NPN dataset - Opportunity to broaden investigation to full ROI (St Louis, MO to NE Maine) (Fredl et al, 2012. Unpublished.) Common deciduous forest over-story trees, multi-species Data from 2009-2011 only 100s of sites, though time-series variable (sometimes sparse or discontinuous) Can we detect the anomalously warm spring of 2010 in the NE US on organismal phenology? NPN data visualization tool Emerging leaves or first leaf date (FLD) Q: Advanced FLD in 2010 relative to 2009 and 2011?

34. Research and Education Can we detect the anomalously warm spring of 2010 in the NE US on organismal phenology? Problematic because we collective consider Multiple sites Multiple individuals Multiple observers But, we are interested in population-level effects…

35. Research and Education USA-NPN Resources Available for Facilitation Volunteer training materials Workshop agendas and powerpoints, brochures, templates Curriculum for upper middle, high school and adult programs Online training materials Site-based resources Phenology trail and garden templates USA-NPN E DUCATION P ROGRAM S TAFF CAN ASSIST WITH PROGRAM DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION ON THE R EFUGES.

36. Research and Education Phenology is a teaching tool – can teach scientific process Citizen science programs can assist with limited staffing Volunteers or partnerships with agencies (Extension) can make monitoring more robust

37. Phenology Observation Program Overview Intro to Phenology USA-NPN and USFWS Partnership Research and Education Site-based Programs Using Natures Notebook USA-NPN and Master Gardeners

38. Site-based Programs Workshops & Tours How to observe Local species talks Campus plant and tree walks Demonstration gardens Master Gardener Class with Phenology chapter Phenology Trails and Phenology Gardens Neighborhood Association Partnerships

39. Site-based Programs

40. Tucson Phenology Trail Tucson Phenology Trail Sam Hughes Neighborhood Campus Arboretum BioSphere2 Pima Extension Office National Phenology Network Santa Rita Experimental Range

41. Site-based Programs

43. A=Ocotillo B=Palo Verde C=Velvet Mesquite D=Velvet Mesquite E=Ocotillo F=Saguaro G=Ocotillo H=Creosote I=Creosote J=Jojoba Site-based Programs

45. Wildlife Refuges using Natures Notebook Kenai Peninsula NWR, Alaska The Kenai Peninsula is under pressure from a drying, warming climate. Local residents and seasonal visitors can help scientists study the ways the forest, wetland and animal populations are adapting to these changes by recording data, spreading the word about their observations, and reducing the negative impacts to our special ecosystems on the Kenai. Leah Eskelin, Park Ranger Ventura Fish and Wildlife Office Install gardens, host workshops, conduct monitoring Train volunteers

46. Site-based Programs

47. Cooperative Extension and Natures Notebook Gulf of Maine Coastal Program "Signs of the Seasons: A Maine Phenology Project, recruits and trains volunteers to observe and record phenological data. One of the goals of the program is to broaden general knowledge of climate change by providing citizens with the tools to gather climate change data themselves - in other words it's a citizen- science initiative. –Mao Teng Lin, USFWS Gulf Coast of Maine Implementing a Phenology Monitoring Network, in partnership with local groups to track Florida species response to climate change. Workshops, school groups, curriculum, botanical gardens

48. Site-based Programs Backyard observations Trail observations Share your data set Data analysis Join the conversation! H AVING A REASON AND A MECHANISM FOR PAYING ATTENTION TO THE NATURAL WORLD AROUND ME ENRICHES MY LIFE. H ANS

49. Dichotomous Key Activity – 20 mins Dichotomous means divided into two parts and a dichotomous key offers two choices at each step leading to the identity of the object. Used to identify things based on observable characteristics. Using the traditional dichotomous key, one should be able to pick up any object included in the key and follow the steps to arrive at its identity. Shoes Shoes with laces Shoes without laces Not tennis shoes Tennis shoes Not sandals Sandals Emilys shoe White Orange Helens shoe Johns shoe Ryans shoe Marcos shoe

50. Dichotomous Key Activity – 20 mins Shoes Shoes with laces Shoes without laces Not tennis shoes Tennis shoes Not sandals Sandals Emilys shoe White Orange Helens shoe Johns shoe Ryans shoe Marcos shoe 1. a. shoes with laces…………………………………….go to #2 b. shoes without laces…………………………………go to #4 2. a. not tennis shoes……………………………………..Emilys shoe b. tennis shoes…………………………………………go to #3 3. a. white………………………………………………...Helens shoe b. orange……………………………………………….Johns shoe 4. a. not sandals…………………………………………..Ryans shoe b. sandals………………………………………………Marcos shoe

51. Dichotomous Key Activity – 20 mins Dichotomous Key with local species 20 mins – half hour

52. Phenology Observation Program Overview Intro to Phenology USA-NPN and USFWS Partnership Research and Education Site-based Programs Using Natures Notebook USA-NPN and Master Gardeners

53. Using Natures Notebook Get Started!

54. Using Natures Notebook www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines 1.Select and delineate a site 2.Select plant and animal species 3.Tag individual plants 4.Record your observations of animals and plants 5.Report your data online Five Steps:

55. Using Natures Notebook www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines Select and delineate a site A site is the area within which you will look for your species you choose to observe. When you select a site, such as your yard or a nearby natural area, consider these guidelines: Convenience and easily accessible. Representative location of the environmental conditions for your area. Flat, gentle slope..

56. Using Natures Notebook www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines Select and delineate a site Uniform habitat Appropriate size - < 15 acres Plants and animals? Your backyard PROPER PERMISSION! Agency may already be participating No trespassing More than 20 feet from building

57. Using Natures Notebook www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines Select Plant and Animal Species Choose from list of recommended (vetted) species Calibration species Ecological importance Big-picture Proper identification Data quality! One - three plants for variation Use comments Tag your plants! Ease of location

58. Using Natures Notebook www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines Record Observations To make observations, you will need: Phenophase definitions and instructions Datasheets, clipboard, pencil: You can download and print a datasheet for each plant or animals from the profile page Binoculars (optional)

59. Using Natures Notebook www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines Record Observations To make observations, you will need: Phenophase definitions and instructions

60. Using Natures Notebook Record Observations YES NO UNCERTAIN No record if you did not check www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines

61. Using Natures Notebook www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines

62. Using Natures Notebook www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines Frequency of Observations As often as possible At least once a week All observations are valuable! Time of Day Convenient Consistent Daytime Keep looking for a phenophase even if it has ended

63. Using Natures Notebook www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines Why? Phenophases may be triggered by moisture and not just temperature Negative data is valuable Conditions may change rapidly More data = better analysis Climate shift may be changing when events occur

64. Using Natures Notebook 64 Plants: repeat observations of the same individual plants Animals: create a checklist for your site, look and listen for all species each time you visit

65. Using Natures Notebook www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines Enter Observations Online Create your account Register your site Register your plants Create your animal checklist

66. Using Natures Notebook Create an account Click on #3

67. Using Natures Notebook

69. Creating a site at home

70. Using Natures Notebook

71. Resources available to you: Online training materials for Natures Notebook at home Volunteer/community engagement tips Plans for implementation of Phenology Gardens and Trails with corresponding curriculum Assistance from the USA-NPN Education Specialist on how to tailor Natures Notebook to your needs

72. Phenology Observation Program Overview Intro to Phenology USA-NPN and USFWS Partnership Research and Education Site-based Programs Using Natures Notebook USA-NPN & Master Gardeners

73. Assignment Know your Native Plants! Jojoba Saguaro Creosote bush Velvet mesquite Honey mesquite Desert ironwood Blue paloverde Yellow paloverde

74. Questions?

75. Thank you! LoriAnne Barnett USA-NPN Education Coordinator lorianne@usanpn.org Youre invited to connect with USA-NPN… Sign up for a phenology e-newsletter (quarterly) Join the Natures Notebook community and become an observer: Contribute to science while having fun! Discover new tools and resources for work or play