1. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Chapter 10

2. DNA RNA NUCLEIC ACIDS Store information FUNCTION
________________________:
Store information

3. NUCLEIC ACIDS
Made up of
NUCLEOTIDE subunits
NITROGEN BASE

4. 5 NITROGEN BASES Adenine A=_____________ T= _____________
C= _____________
U= _____________
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil

5. RNA RIBOSE SUGAR = _________________
NITROGEN BASES = _________________
A, U, C, G

6. RNA _____________ and _________ form the chain _________________
SINGLE STRANDED U
_____________ and _________ form the chain
PHOSPHATES
SUGARS
_________________
stick out to side
NITROGEN BASES

7. DNA DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR = _________________
NITROGEN BASES = _________________
A, T, C, G

8. DNA _____________ and _________ make the sides of the ladder
DOUBLE STRANDED
_____________ and _________ make the sides of the ladder
PHOSPHATES
SUGARS
NITROGEN BASES
_________________
make the steps

9. “Twisted ladder” called a DOUBLE HELIX
DNA
“Twisted ladder” called a DOUBLE HELIX

10. BONDING RULES HYDROGEN T A G C
_______________BONDS hold two strands together
____ always bonds with ____
HYDROGEN T A G C

11. DNA RNA Double stranded Single stranded Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar
A, T, G, C A, U, G, C
No Uracil No Thymine
Stays in nucleus Made in nucleus but moves to cytoplasm
Makes up Carries genetic code
genetic code to ribosomes and
changes code into a protein

12. CELL
DNA is found in nucleus
RIBOSOMES
are found in
cytoplasm

13. _____  _________________
WAY INFORMATION IN PASSED IN CELLS
_____  _________________
DNA
RNA
PROTEIN

14. WAY INFORMATION IN PASSED IN CELLS
DNA
= REPLICATION

15. DNA can copy itself = __________________
REPLICATION
Happens during
______________
CELL DIVISION
(S)

16. REPLICATION DNA unzips DNA POLYMERASE proteins
move along strands and use code to
make 2 new matching DNA strands
REPLICATION LINK

17. WAY INFORMATION IN PASSED IN CELLS
_____  _____
RNA
DNA
= TRANSCRIPTION

18. TRANSCRIPTION DNA unzips RNA POLYMERASE protein
moves along strand and uses code to
make an RNA strand
RNA strand leaves nucleus and
travels to ribosomes in cytoplasm
DNA zips back together
TRANSCRIPTION LINK

19. TRANSCRIPTION MAKES 3 KINDS of RNA TO DO DIFFERENT JOBS
RIBOSOMAL-RNA
________________________ (r-RNA)
makes up the ribosomes
________________________ (m-RNA)
carries DNA code out to ribosomes
_______________________ (t-RNA)
matches the m-RNA to add the correct
amino acids to the protein chain
MESSENGER-RNA
TRANSFER-RNA

20. Ribosomal-RNA (r-RNA)
Made in NUCLEOLUS; joins with proteins to make ribosomes

21. Messenger-RNA (m-RNA)
Carries message from DNA in nucleus to ribosomes in cytoplasm

22. Transfer-RNA (t-RNA) “hairpin” shaped RNA
AMINO ACID
BINDS HERE
“hairpin” shaped RNA
Binds m-RNA at one end and a specific amino acid at other end
m-RNA BINDS HERE
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23. ANTICODON CAU M-RNA G U A C A C G G C U U A AMINO ACID BINDS HERE
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24. WAY INFORMATION IN PASSED IN CELLS
_________________
RNA
PROTEIN
= TRANSLATION

25. PROTEINS ARE MADE OF AMINO ACIDS

26. 20 AMINO ACIDS are used by all cells to make proteins
R group is different in each
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27. TRANSLATION M-RNA attaches to ribosome
As ribosome moves along m-RNA strand,
t-RNA anticodons match the code and bring in the correct amino
Enzymes join the amino acids and
t-RNA drops off
When the end is reached, ribosome and protein separate
(Ribosome, m-RNA, and t-RNA can then be reused to make another protein)

28. _____________on
t-RNA matches the ________ on the m-RNA and adds the correct amino acid
ANTICODON
CODON

29. UUU – Phenylalanine GUC -Valine AUG = Start codon
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30. TRANSLATION
TRANSLATION LINK

31. PROTEIN STRUCTURE
AMINO and CARBOXY groups join to make a chain when WATER is removed

32. PROTEINS