1. Hepatitis C and Lymphoproliferative Disorders: From Mixed Cryoglobulinemia to Non- Hodgkin's Lymphoma 
Lenna A. Martyak, Melina Yeganeh, Sammy Saab 
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 
Volume 7, Issue 8, Pages (August 2009)
DOI: /j.cgh
Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Prevalence of mixed cryoglobulinemia in patients with chronic liver disease.16 Other diseases include autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis.
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009 7, DOI: ( /j.cgh )
Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Proposed mechanism of lymphomagenesis. CD81 activation by hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces B-cell activation and proliferation. The major envelope protein of HCV (HCV-E2) binds to CD81, a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on B lymphocytes. Cross-linking of CD81 on B-cells by a combination of HCV-E2 and an anti-CD81 mAb preferentially activates proliferation of the naïve (CD27−) B-cell subset along with expression of a higher number of activation markers CD 69, CD71, and CD86, and the chemokine receptor, CXCR3. CD81-mediated activation of B-cells and proliferation of naïve B lymphocytes in patients with chronic HCV infection may represent the first step to lymphomagenesis. Adapted from Rosa et al.50
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009 7, DOI: ( /j.cgh )
Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions