1. The Mexican Revolution
What were reasons for the Mexican Revolution?

2. I. Challenges of Independence
A. 1833: Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna is Mexico’s President
B. Americans challenge Santa Anna for Tejas (TX) independence.
1. Santa Anna wins early battles including the Alamo, but ultimately loses in 1836.
C. 1848: Santa Anna loses Mexican-American War ( )
II. Benito Juarez
A. 1847: Liberal Gov’r of Oaxaca, begins La Reforma to remove “dictator” Pres. Santa Anna, get land reform, better education system
B. Juarez becomes Pres. of Mex. in 1861
C. 1862: France invades Mexico, 1864: Napoleon III (Fr) puts Maximillian von Hapsburg as Emperor of Mexico
D. 1867: Juarez and Gen. Porfirio Diaz able to defeat French invaders

3. III. The Porfiriato (1876-1911) Period
Exiled
Pan
O Palo
A. #1 Pres. Porfirio Diaz
1. After Juarez’ death, Diaz industrializes Mexico by encouraging foreign investment (esp. US)
2. Helps rich & church, does little to help poor & Indians
3. Becomes a dictator
: His opponent for the presidency, Francisco Madero, is jailed!
B. Madero escapes & starts Mexican Revolution.
C. 1911: Madero, helped by Emiliano Zapata & Pancho Villa, overthrows Diaz who goes into exile

4. IV. Mexican Revolution: Madero & Huerta (1911-1915)
A. 1911: #2 Francisco Madero (“Father of the Rev.”) becomes Pres.
B. Emiliano Zapata wants land reform (take land away from foreigners & wealthy and give it to peasants).
1. Madero rejects idea
C. Zapata issues Plan de Ayala (remove Madero/enact land reform)
D. Pancho Villa arrested by Gen. Victoriano Huerta, Villa to be executed
1. Madero stops execution, Villa escapes from prison
E. 1913: #3 Gen Huerta (counterrevolutionary) overthrows Madero, has Madero executed
1. Huerta runs country as a military dictatorship
Executed
Tierra y Libertad

5. V. Mexican Revolution: Carranza (1915-1920)
A. Villa returns to overthrow Huerta
B. Villa joins w/ Zapata & Gen. Venustiano Carranza
C. Huerta flees into exile – Villa & Carranza both want to be Pres
D : US backs #4 Carranza, 1916: Villa & his Villaistas rob & kill Americans in New Mexico
E. Carranza allows US to send 5K troops under Gen. “Blackjack” Pershing into Mexico, Villa never caught
F. 1917: Civil War Ends  New Constitution
G. April, 1919: Zapata is killed in an ambush by Carranza supporter
Assassinated
Assassinated
Exiled
Pedro Lascurain (45mins), After Huerta, Francisco Carvajal 1 month
Gen Pablo Gonzalez men ambush Zapata

6. VI. Mexican Revolution: Obregon & Calles (1920-1928)
A. 1920: #5 Alvaro Obregon wins next election
1. has support of Army & peasants, has fair relations w/ Church
2. Leaves w/o violence, supports Plutarco Calles for Presidency
B. 1924: #6 Plutarco Calles
3. Poor relations with Church (Christero War)
4. Doesn’t seek reelection, allowing Obregon to run
: founds Mexico’s PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional)
2. fights w/ US over oil
C. 1928: Obregon wins election but is assassinated by Catholic militant
Assassinated
Assassinated

7. Voices From the Past: Pancho Villa
Why did young Doreteo Arrango flee his village?
What were Villa’s best soldiers called during the Mexican Rev?
Why was he known as a Mexican Robin Hood?
How could Villa be ruthless?
How was Villa eventually killed?