1. Nationalism Cont’d

2. The US Grows
Manifest Destiny –belief in US right to dominate continent between oceans
Louisiana Purchase 1803, Mexican-American War 1848
Regional Economies
Northeast: Manufacturing, Urban, Free labor force
South: Plantation economy, cash crops, slave labor
Civil War fought over slavery and federalism

4. Russia Economically behind western Europe Agriculture based economy
Serfdom
Few railroads

6. Crimean War
Russia and Ottoman Empires war over Russian expansion
Britain and France come to aid of Ottomans
High casualties
Peace of Paris (1856) makes Dardanelles and Black Sea neutral, lands to be Romania freed from Russia
New weapons, importance of press, divides Russia and Austria

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8. Modern Reforms Czar Alexander II tries to “catch up” Abolishes serfdom
“Zemstvo” creates local assemblies
Legal equality and free courts
Develop industry and rail lines
Invite foreign investment industry
Expand Russian territory

9. Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 War over influence in China and Korea
Both want access to raw materials and markets
Japan wins easily, humiliates Russia

12. Revolution of 1905
Various Russian groups rise up over losses to Japan, slow industrialization, lack of liberal government, working conditions
Marked by “Bloody Sunday”
Czars soldiers fire on peaceful protestors
Czar’s October Manifesto
Creates an empowered legislature, the “Duma”
Universal suffrage
Grants civil Liberties
Czar Nicholas II dismisses the Duma, changes rules to favor wealthy landowners

13. Ottoman Decline
Great Powers of Europe desire territory from “Dying man of Europe” decline
Ethnic minorities seek independence in the Balkans
Sultans attempt Western style reforms (the Tanzimat)
Parliament and constitution
Legal equality for religious minorities
Modern administration and military
Free trade

14. Liberal reforms can’t satiate the Balkans
Western countries work for weak Ottoman Empire
Religious tension persists
“Young Turks” work for more liberal and modern reforms

15. Bismarck’s Germany Chancellor of Germany Kulturkampf
Declares Germany a “satisfied power”
Works for more united Germany
Gains favor of elected Reichstag (parliament)
Kulturkampf
Effort to reduce influence of Catholic Church (fails)
Secularized education
Government approval of priests

16. Sets high grain tariffs, other countries follow
Producers happy
Diplomatic tensions rise
Creates social security to weaken socialists
Outlaws main socialist party
Grows anyway, but less radical
Bismarck dismissed by Kaiser William II (Wilhelm) r