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Effect of Planting Pattern on Cotton Growth and Yield
Daniel O. Stephenson, IV and Shawn W. Lancaster Northeast Research and Extension Center
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Planting Pattern (a.k.a. Row Spacing)
Early 1800’s, cotton seeded on beds with 4-foot centers. Cotton planting pattern changed to 38” to 40” rows.
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Planting Pattern What is best? Lots of research 30” to 40” rows?
Dr. Trey Koger – Miss. St. Univ. What is best? Lots of research 30” to 40” rows? 15” rows? Ultra narrow rows 7” to 10” rows?
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2007 Research Planting Pattern x Seeding Rate Planting patterns
Single 38” row Twin 7 ½” row Twin 15” row Seeding rates (seeds/acre) 20,000 35,000 45,000 55,000 65,000 75,000 90,000
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Planting Patterns What do they look like?
Planted on Raised Beds 36,38, or 40” middle 38” center Single 38” row 30 ½” middle 7 ½” apart 38” center Twin 7 ½” row 23” middle 15” apart 38” center Twin 15” row
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Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
Northeast Research and Extension Center – Keiser, AR Lon Mann Cotton Research Station – Marianna, AR
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Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
Marianna Silt loam soil 38” raised bed spacing Stoneville 4554 B2RF Planted: May 9th Harvested: Mid-October Keiser Clay soil Planted: May 11th Harvested: Early-October
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Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
Hipper-Roller
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Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
Vacuum planter: Single-38”-row Twin-15”-row Vacuum planter: Twin-7½”-row
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Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
Both sites furrow-irrigated
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Crop Maintenance Keiser Marianna DOP May 11 May 9 Fertility
50 lb N/A (urea) – June 1 45 lb N/A (urea) – May 31 50 lb N/A (urea) – July 5 45 lb N/A (urea) – June 28 Herbicide 1.5 qt/A – May 11 Flomet 1.25 lb/A – May 11 24 oz/A – May 31 & June 22 23 oz/A + 1 oz/A – June 13 23 oz/A – July 5 1 qt/A – June 26 Insecticide 2 oz/A – July 5 Bidrin 6.4 oz/A – July 13 2 oz/A – July 23 2 oz/A – Aug. 7 Growth Mgnt. 8 oz/A – June 26 14 oz/A – July 13 Defoliation Dropp 2 oz/A + Def 8 oz/A + 24 oz/A – Sept. 17 Dropp 2 oz/A + Def 8 oz/A – Sept. 19 Def 10 oz/A + 20 oz/A – Sept. 28 Dropp 3.2 oz/A + Def 8 oz/A + 32 oz/A – Sept. 28
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Growth of a cotton plant
Monopodial Nodes (Vegetative) Sympodial Nodes (Fruiting) Monopodial (Vegetative) Branch Sympodial (Fruiting) Sympodial Branch Main-Stem Leaf Sympodial Leaves 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 15 Adapted from: D.M. Oosterhuis - Growth and Development of a Cotton Plant – Univ. of AR CES MP 332
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Planting Pattern & Seeding Rate
Plant Mapping – COTMAP Plant Structure FN = 1st fruiting node M = # of monopodial (vegetative) branches S = # of sympodial (fruiting) branches ES = Highest sympodial branch with boll in 1st position H2 = # of sympodial branches with 2 nodes TN = # of total nodes PHT = Plant height IL = Internode length
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Planting Pattern & Seeding Rate
Plant Mapping – COTMAP Yield Variables TB = # of total bolls B1 = % of TB in 1st position B2 = % of TB in 2nd position OB = % of TB in outer positions MB = % of TB as monopodial branch bolls XB = % of TB as axillary bolls BR1 = retention of 1st position bolls BR2 = Retention of 2nd position bolls EBR = Sum of 1st & 2nd position bolls on lowest 5 sympodial branches
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Plant Survival Single-38” – planter issue
Keiser – clay soil Marianna – silt loam soil % plant survival Single-38” 38 43 Twin-7 ½” 62 Twin-15” 58 70 Single-38” – planter issue Keiser – hard soil at planting
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Plant Structure Variables
No difference in planting pattern and seeding rate Keiser Marianna Clay soil Silt loam soil Plant height 34 – 37 inches 37 – 46 inches Total # of nodes/plant 21 20 – 21 Internode length 1.6 – 2 inches 2 – 2.4 inches
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Plant Structure Variables Node # of 1st sympodial branch
No difference in planting pattern and seeding rate Keiser – clay soil 6 – 7 Marianna – silt loam soil 7 1st sympodial branch
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Plant Structure Variables # of sympodial branches
Keiser – clay soil Marianna – silt loam soil No differences (15) a b b Sympodial branches No seeding rate effect
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Plant Structure Variables # of monopodial branches
No difference in planting pattern and seeding rate Keiser – clay soil 2 – 3 monopodial branches Marianna – silt loam soil 3 – 4 monopodial branches Monopodial branch
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with boll in 1st position
Plant Structure Variables # of highest sympodium with boll in 1st position # of highest sympodium with boll in 1st position
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Plant Structure Variables # of highest sympodium with boll in 1st position
Keiser – clay soil Marianna – silt loam soil a a a b b b
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Yield Variables Total # of bolls per plant
Keiser – clay soil a a ab b b b
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Yield Variables Total # of bolls per plant
Marianna – silt loam soil a b b
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Yield Variables 1st position % boll retention
No difference in planting pattern and seeding rate Keiser – clay soil 37 – 42% Marianna – silt loam soil 38 – 41% 1st position boll
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Yield Variables 2nd position % boll retention
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Yield Variables 2nd position % boll retention
Keiser – clay soil Marianna – silt loam soil a a a b a b
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Yield Variables % boll retention of 1st & 2nd position on 1st 5 sympodia
3 4 5
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Yield Variables % boll retention of 1st & 2nd position on 1st 5 sympodia
Keiser – clay soil Marianna – silt loam soil a a ab b b b
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Lint Yield 38% Gin Turnout
Keiser – clay soil Marianna – silt loam soil a a a a a b
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Preliminary Conclusions
Little to no differences in planting patterns Twin-15” cotton may be a better fit for clay soil than for silt loam soil Twin-7 ½” cotton similar to single-38” Little differences in seeding rate 45,000; 55,000; 65,000 Research will continue in 2008
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Thanks for funding! Arkansas Cotton Support Board Cotton Incorporated
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Questions?
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